One assessment of the published data on emissions from cigarettes and e-cigarettes calculated the lifetime cancer risks. It concluded that the cancer potencies of e-cigarettes were largely under 0.5% of the risk of smoking.
Comparative risks of cardiovascular disease and lung disease have not been quantified but are likely to be also substantially below the risks of smoking. Among e-cigarette users, 2 studies of biomarker data for acrolein, a potent respiratory irritant, found levels consistent with non-smoking levels. ====> (dus vergelijkbaar met niet roken) There have been some studies with adolescents suggesting respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette experimenters. However, small scale or uncontrolled switching studies from smoking to vaping have demonstrated some respiratory improvements. ===> gaat de ene en de andere kant op E-cigarettes can release aldehydes if e-liquids are overheated, but the overheating generates an aversive taste. ===> Aldehydes ontstaan bij oververhitting maar geven vieze smaak To date, there is no clear evidence that specific flavourings pose health risks but there are suggestions that inhalation of some could be a source of preventable risks. ====> Geen bewijzen voor problemen met smaakstoffen, maar zouden een risico kunnen zijn (tsja het zijn er zoveel) To date, the levels of metals identified in e-cigarette aerosol do not give rise to any significant safety concerns, but metal emissions, however small, are unnecessary. ===>Je hoeft niet bang te zijn voor metalen Biomarkers of exposure assessed to date are consistent with significant reductions in harmful constituents and for a few biomarkers assessed in this chapter, similar levels to smokers abstaining from smoking or non-smokers were observed. One study showed no reductions across a range of biomarkers for dual users (either for nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarette dual users). =====> vergelijkbaar met nicotine pleisters of andere NRT To date, there have been no identified health risks of passive vaping to bystanders. Reporting of some academic studies has been misleading. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidence-review/evidence-review-of-e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-2018-executive-summary#health-risks-of-e-cigarettes Aangezien niet een bevolkingsonderzoek bewijs geeft komt dit nog het dichtste bij om serieus naar te kijken : Langetermijnstudie over gebruik E-sigaretten bij niet-rokers Zelfs de zwaarste Esigaret gebruikers vertoonden geen enkel bewijs van opkomend longletsel zoals weerspiegeld in deze fysiologische, klinische of inflammatoire onderzoeken. Bovendien werden geen veranderingen in bloeddruk of hartslag genoteerd http://www.stoprokenvandaag.nl/onderzoek-en-wetenschap/langetermijnstudie-gebruik-e-sigaretten-rokers/
No Fire, No Smoke – the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 -
The GSTHR report maps for the first time the global, regional and national availability and use of SNP, the regulatory responses to these products, and the public health potential of tobacco harm reduction.
Zet zich in voor het promoten van en eerlijke voorlichting geven over de alternatieven voor het roken van tabak in Nederland en (Nederlandstalig) België.
Wij roepen onze collega’s op om deze verklaring te ondertekenen ter ondersteuning van de voordelen van elektronische sigaretten op basis van wetenschappelijk bewijs en ethisch debat. Als artsen en gezondheidsprofessionals zien we dagelijks patiënten die ernstige gevolgen ondervinden door het roken van tabak. Velen van hen zullen uiteindelijk sterven of hun gezondheid lijdt ernstige schade ondanks onze hulp en advies. Gezien de talrijke onderzoeken die tot op heden al zijn uitgevoerd, kunnen wij – als gezondheidsprofessionals – niet werkeloos toekijken, gezien de duidelijke voordelen voor de volksgezondheid van elektronische sigaretten.
Esigbond -
De Esigbond heeft als doel het verbeteren van de kwaliteit van elektronische sigaretten en het professionaliseren van het ondernemerschap in de elektronische sigaretten industrie, het verbeteren van de service en informatie voor de gebruiker.
De Engelse Wikipedia is wel goed onderbouwd met verwijzingen naar onderzoeken. In tegenstelling tot de Nederlandse waarbij duidelijk de effecten van roken en nicotine door elkaar heen gehaald worden. En schadelijke effecten van roken onterecht aan nicotine worden toegewezen.
Professor Killeen has studied tobacco addiction and one of the questions he asks is this: Why is tobacco addictive, but nicotine not? Killeen said. “What causes the tremendously addicting power of cigarettes is the drug cocktail of nicotine,” he said, not nicotine itself.
Zeer uitgebreide informatie over Nicotine en gezondheid, nicotine gebruik in NRT´s en snus, waarbij alle gezondheidseffecten gevonden in onderzoek op een rijtje gezet wordt.
Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd door de Central Queensland University, in Australië. Conclusie : Nicotine-afhankelijkheid vermindert wanneer rokers overstappen naar E-sigaret. Indicatoren van rookverslaving lijken wat betreft consumptie, niet van toepassing op elektrische sigaret gebruik. De redenen om e-sigaretten te gebruiken lijkt minder gedomineerd te worden door het leveren van nicotine.
Nicotine (not smoke) is harmful for the unborn? Science says NO: "had no impairment compared with 65.5% in placebo". Further studies should investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of higher doses of NRT.
It appears that the dietary intake of nicotine in nonsmokers may be of practical importance in the interpretation of the role of passive smoke inhalation when one is determining nicotine and cotinine levels in body fluids.
It is argued here that it is not so much the efficacy of new nicotine delivery systems as temporary aids to cessation, but their potential as long-term alternatives to tobacco that makes the virtual elimination of tobacco a realistic future target.
In allerlei onderzoeken is het verband tussen roken een hogere bloeddruk gevonden. Hoewel dit eigenlijk alleen opgaat voor stevige rokers van 50 jaar en ouder. Het ziet er naar uit dat nicotine daarbij geen rol speelt. Hoewel veel media dat wel beweren. Zo te zien maken allerlei media hierbij geen onderscheid maken tussen roken en nicotine gebruik. In dit onderzoek is ook gekeken naar mensen die niet rookten maar wel nicotine pleisters gebruiken. In de conclusie van dit onderzoek staat: The epidemiologic studies in which blood pressure was recorded when the participants were not smoking have generally shown no significant effect on blood pressure. As a corollary to this, nicotine patches seem to have little adverse effect on the cardiovascular system, and can be safely recommended to patients with hypertension.
Study: Nicotine patch safe for smokers while hospitalized for heart disease -
It is the first study to look at using nicotine replacement for heart patients within their first two days of hospitalization. Other research in the past decade, however, already suggested the therapy would be safe in the intensive care unit, during admission for acute coronary syndrome, or immediately upon hospital discharge.
It seems counterintuitive, but we know that much of the risk from smoking doesn’t come from the nicotine itself, but other byproducts that come from the burning end of a cigarette,
Het onderzoek is te vinden op : E-cigarettes versus nicotine patches for perioperative smoking cessation: a pilot randomized trial. De onderzoekers vinden E-sigaretten een haalbaar hulpmiddel voor perioperatieve stoppen met roken bij veteranen. Het is vergelijkbaar met nicotinepleister. De Spirometrie longmetingen lijken 8-weken na het starten van het gebruik e-sigaretten te zijn verbeterd in vergelijking met nicotinepleisters. Een verklaring hiervoor kan zijn dat in de E-sigaretten groep de vermindering van het roken groter was, en mogelijk als gevolg van een slechtere basislijn spirometrie.
Vapers engaged in compensatory puffing with lower nicotine strength liquid, doubling their consumption. Whilst compensatory puffing was sufficient to reduce craving and withdrawal discomfort, self-titration was incomplete with significantly higher plasma nicotine levels in the high condition.
RSPH is calling for public confusion over nicotine to be addressed as a way of encouraging smokers to use safer forms of the substance. Tobacco contains nicotine along with many other chemicals, but nicotine by itself is fairly harmless. => Tabaksrook is schadelijk, maar nicotine is niet schadelijker dan cafeïne. Beide stoffen zijn chemisch gezien broertjes, en de werking lijkt ook wel op elkaar. Beide zijn in de concentraties die door consumenten genuttigd worden via consumentenproducten nauwelijks schadelijk. Alleen in zeer hoge concentraties, totaal niet bedoeld voor consumptie, zijn deze stoffen pas erg schadelijk. Je kunt dus zonder problemen je hele leven nicotine nuttigen (wat al gebeurt want het zit in diverse groenten zoals tomaten, aardappels en aubergines). Onterecht denken dat nicotine schadelijk is kan rokers remmen in het gebruik van nicotine bevattende rookstopmiddelen. Als je beseft dat nicotine buiten tabaksrook ook nog een stuk minder verslavend is de angst voor nicotine voor stoppende rokers een valkuil, om terug te vallen op cold turkey stoppen. Cold turkey stoppen heeft een minieme kans van slagen wanneer men na een jaar de slagingskans daarvan bekijkt.
NRT products are much safer than cigarettes,which are exceedingly ‘dirty’ delivery systems for
nicotine.It is the tobacco, not the nicotine,which causes most of the harm.There exists a large body of evidence that nicotine is not asignificant risk factor for cardiovascular events, does not cause cancer and does not cause respir-atory diseases such as emphysema. Althoughthere is some evidence from in vitro andin vivostudies with mice that some metabolites of nicotine can be transformed into nitrosaminesorthat nicotine might stimulate angiogenesis and promotes tumour growth and atheroscelerosis in mice, there is no evidence of this happening in people using NRT. There is now a great deal of experience with NRT products in the United Statesand the United Kingdom and the evidence indicates clearly that the products are safe.
Similarly, the epidemiological evidencefrom long-term use of Swedish snus
(a form ofsmokeless tobacco) users is that nicotine intakedoes not cause an increase in oral/pharyngeal cancer,and there is no conclusive evidence ofan increased risk of myocardial infarction.
There are, however, concerns about nicotine safety in pregnancy. Nicotine crosses the placenta and is a potential fetal teratogen. Nicotine may contribute to obstetrical complications inpregnant women and has been implicated in low birth weight and in sudden infant death syn-drome (SIDS).
CONCLUSIONS: Electronic cigarettes that use tank-type atomizers appear to deliver nicotine in more consistent quantities (within the acceptable limits for medicinal nebulizers and similar to the nicotine inhaler) than electronic cigarettes that use cartomizers. The protocol for testing nicotine delivery consistency described in this paper could be effectively used for regulatory purposes. CONCLUSIE: Elektronische sigaretten die tankatomizers gebruiken, schijnen nicotine in meer consistente hoeveelheden af te geven (binnen de geaccepteerde grenzen voor medische verstuivers en vergelijkbaar met de nicotine inhaler) dan elektronische sigaretten die cartomizers gebruiken."
Conclusie is dat er geen verband is tussen nicotine gebruik en aderverkalking en hart en vaatziekten. A meta-analysis of adverse events, recorded in the course of 35 trials to evaluate the efficacy of nicotine patches, also failed to document a difference in the rate of acute myocardial infarction between active (n=5501) and placebo (n=3752) treatment groups (Greenland et al., 1998). A more recent meta-analysis (Mills et al., 2010) included 120 studies (92 randomised clinical trials and 28 observational studies) for a total of 177,390 individuals, and found no increased risk for myocardial infarction or death from NRT (for a review on adverse effects and tolerability see also Hays & Ebbert, 2010). The majority of these studies, however, specifically excluded patients with cardiac disease at baseline. A secondary analysis of subjects in the Lung Health Study, a randomized, controlled trial for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, demonstrated that cardiovascular deaths were associated with continuing smoking, but not among those who used nicotine gum for five years. The use or dose of nicotine gum, or concurrent smoking and gum use, was not associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity or mortality (Murray et al., 1996). A case control study of acute myocardial infarction, stroke and death in the UK found no evidence of increased risk in the 56 days after starting NRT for smoking cessation (Hubbard et al., 2005).
Het duurde 2 uur voor nicotine om door de huid te dringen, en met een gemiddelde snelheid van 4,82 (± 1,05) ug/cm2/uur (microgram per kubieke centimeter van de blootgestelde huid, per uur), of in milligram zijn uitgedrukt tot 0.00482mg/cm2/uur. Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat blootstellen aan dampvloeistof met 8 mg nicotine per ml kan leiden tot ernstige toxiciteit. Daarnaast zul je normaal gesproken bij morsen op je lichaam dit wegwassen of afvegen.
Nonsmoking subjects with amnestic MCI were randomized to transdermal nicotine (15 mg per day or placebo) for 6 months. Nicotine seemed to help cognitive skills with no addictions reported in this trial.
Nicotine protects against manganese and iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells: Implication for Parkinson's disease Nicotine may protect the brain from manganese and iron metal trace elements thought to be involved in the onset of Parkinson’s disease, a study based on a disease cell model reported. Parkinson’s is characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra — a region of the brain responsible for movement control — leading to motor and cognitive impairments.cientists believe the accumulation of metal trace elements, such as manganese and iron, could play a role in its onset. At high levels, they become toxic, and have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s.
Heel erg totaal informatief stuk over nicotine en alles daar omheen. It isn’t the stuff that can cause serious illness and death from cancer, lung, and heart disease. Those culprits are the tar and toxic gases that are released from burning tobacco when you smoke.
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking cessation significantly reduces the risk within 1-3 years. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular disease should be encouraged to use the most effective therapies available to reach this goal. The use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) doubles long-term cessation (Stead et al., 2008). While not all of the efficacy results in trials conducted in patients with cardiac disease show benefit for increased cessation (Joseph & Fu, 2003; Benowitz, 2003; Marsh et al., 2005; Meine et al., 2005), all trials confirm that NRT, even with concurrent smoking, is safe in this population (see Key Finding #11).
There is a mismatch between the generally accepted lethal oral nicotine dose of 60 mg, resulting in approximately 180 µg L-1 plasma concentration, & the 4.4- to 8.9-fold higher lethal plasma concentrations we found in cases of e-liquid intoxication. In the survivors, the highest plasma concentration of nicotine was 800 µg L-1, while the lowest concentration in the non-survivors was 1600 µg L-1. Wat ook hier wordt bevestigd : How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century
In this study, nicotine at a low concentration accelerated angiogenesis and promoted wound healing; these effects of nicotine were synergistic with bFGF. Nicotine Accelerates Angiogenesis and Wound Healing in Genetically Diabetic Mice The effects on wound healing are, in part, related to the stimulation of angiogenesis by nicotine, an effect which is mediated by nAChRs. Therapeutic stimulation of these receptors may represent a novel approach in the treatment of wounds, particularly in diabetic patients. Er is ook nog een Duits onderzoek dat nicotinepleisters een positief effect hebben op wondgenezing bij rokers die een paar weken voor de operatie de pleisters gingen gebruiken. Nicotine onderdrukt ontstekingsreacties van de huid nicotine stimuleert de aangroei van bloedvaten en het bevordert wondherstel. Nicotinepleister versnelt post-operatieve wondgenezing
Nicotine as Therapy -
There's a cheap, common, and mostly safe drug, in daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, that only lately has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for a long list of common ills. The list includes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and even pain and obesity. Why has interest in this potential cure-all been slow to develop? One reason: in its current forms the drug offers pharmaceutical companies no possibility of substantial profit. Another: the drug is reviled as the world's most addictive.
Nicotine has no association with cancer. There is no supportable evidence to link nicotine with cancer, and a vast amount of evidence (and irrefutable facts) that there is no such link. The UK national clinical guidance authority, NICE, have made this very clear in their official guidance to doctors.
“Findings suggest there may be little benefit in reducing nicotine e-liquid concentration since this appears to result in higher e-liquid consumption which may incur both a financial and health cost.” It’s a shame the EU rules (based on older devices) set a maximum of 20mg/ml.
Nicotine - Key findings -
Te lezen op de officiële GEZONDHEIDSZORG website van de BRITSE REGERING (Public Health England)
=>The addictiveness of nicotine depends on the delivery system. It is possible that the addictiveness of tobacco cigarettes may be enhanced by compounds in the smoke other than nicotine.
=>long-term use of nicotine by ‘snus’ (a low nitrosamine form of smokeless tobacco) users has not been found to increase the risk of serious health problems in adults, and use of nicotine replacement therapy by pregnant smokers has not been found to increase risk to the foetus.
nic- French researchers to test nicotine patches on coronavirus patients -
French researchers are planning to test nicotine patches on coronavirus patients and frontline health workers after a study suggested smokers may be much less at risk of contracting the virus.
The study at a major Paris hospital suggests a substance in tobacco – possibly nicotine – may be stopping patients who smoke from catching Covid-19. Clinical trials of nicotine patches are awaiting the approval of the country’s health authorities.
Taking into account the age and sex of the patients, the researchers discovered the number of smokers was much lower than that in the general population estimated by the French health authority Santé Publique France at about 40% for those aged 44-53 and between 8.8% and 11.3% for those aged 65-75.
The renowned French neurobiologist Jean-Pierre Changeux, who reviewed the study, suggested the nicotine might stop the virus from reaching cells in the body preventing its spread. Nicotine may also lessen the overreaction of the body’s immune system that has been found in the most severe cases of Covid-19 infection.
Over de onderzoeker en rare beschuldigingen
Jean-Pierre Changeux:
AwardsWolf Prize in Medicine (1982)
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1993)
Sir Hans Krebs Medal (1994)
Balzan Prize (2001)
Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2018)
And you use a tie to the tobacco industry 20 years ago for character assassination?
nic- A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications -
FRANS ONDERZOEK IN PARIJS ZIEKENHUIS
Based on the current scientific literature and on new epidemiological data which reveal that current smoking status appears to be a protective factor against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 [1], we hypothesize that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Covid-19 infection and might represent a target for the prevention and control of Covid-19 infection.
Onze gegevens laten zien dat MAO-remmers in tabak en tabaksrook in synergie met nicotine werken om de belonende effecten ervan te verbeteren. Our data suggest that MAOIs contained in tobacco and tobacco smoke act in synergy with nicotine to enhance its rewarding effects.
The results suggest that the inhibition of MAO activity by compounds present in tobacco smoke may combine with nicotine to produce the intense reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking that lead to addiction. Het is verschillende mensen die stopten met roken met nicotine hulpmiddelen als e-sigaret of nicotine kauwgum, dat juist niet de nicotine alleen verslavend werkt. Ook niet-rokers die nicotine tijdens onderzoeken nicotine gebruikten voor langere tijd ondervonden geen verslavingsverschijnselen. Dit onderzoek ondersteunt dergelijke ervaringen. Er zijn andere stoffen nodig om tabaksrook verslavend te maken. Daarbij komen MAOI´s erg in aanmerking voor de verslavende werking van tabaksrook. Ook dit onderzoek bevestigd de grote invloed van MAOI´s.
Although nicotine is considered to be responsible for the addictive properties of tobacco, growing evidence underlines the importance of non-nicotine components in smoking reinforcement. It has been shown that tobacco smoke contains monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitors and decreases MAO-A and MAO-B activity in smokers. MAO-A inhibition interacts with nicotine to enhance its rewarding effects in rats and suggest that other compounds present in tobacco, such as beta-carboline, may also play an important role in sustaining smoking behavior in humans.
Long-term effects of inhaled nicotine. (none!) -
Long-term effects of inhaled nicotine (1996 rat study) 'Nicotine was given for 20 h a day, 5 days a week during a 2-year period. We could not find any increase in mortality, in atherosclerosis or frequency of tumors in these rats compared with controls'
Particularly, there was no microscopic or macroscopic lung tumors nor any increase in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Throughout the study, however, the body weight of the nicotine exposed rats was reduced as compared with controls. In conclusion, our study does not indicate any harmful effect of nicotine when given in its pure form by inhalation.
De belangrijkste bevinding van onze studie is dat nicotine een MAOI nodig heeft om dezelfde neurochemische modificaties te induceren als die waargenomen met verbindingen die behoren tot de hoofdgroepen van drugs van misbruik (d.w.z. amfetamine, cocaïne, morfine of alcohol). The main finding of our study is that nicotine needs the association with an irreversible and nonselective MAOI to induce the same neurochemical modifications as those observed with compounds belonging to the main groups of drugs of abuse (i.e., amphetamine, cocaine, morphine, or alcohol). Nicotine does not induce by itself sensitization of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons nor behavioral sensitization.
Standard textbooks, databases, and safety sheets consistently state that the lethal dose for adults is 60 mg or less (30–60 mg), leading to safety warnings that ingestion of five cigarettes or 10 ml of a dilute nicotine-containing solution could kill an adult. The 60-mg dose would correspond to an oral LD50 of around 0.8 mg/kg, a dose that is considerably smaller than the values determined for laboratory animals, which are ranging from 3.3 (mice) to more than 50 mg/kg (rats) (Hayes 1982). Although an LD50 of 0.8 mg/kg would implicate that the toxicity of nicotine is similar to or even higher than that of cyanide, fatal nicotine intoxications are relatively rare, and there are countless records of subjects who survived consumption of nicotine in amounts far higher than 60 mg (Larson et al. 1961). The most drastic example is probably survival of a suicide attempt with 4 g of pure nicotine. Ingestion of tobacco or nicotine gums at doses up to 6 mg/kg nicotine was reported to evoke symptoms of intoxication without causing death . These and many other literature reports on nonfatal nicotine intoxications are hardly compatible with a lethal dose of 60 mg or less.
The clinical trial and observational data indicate that, in relation to cardiovascular outcomes, NRT is safe and specifically does not increase the incidence of acute cardiovascular events or of sudden death in healthy volunteers, the general population or patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Dit komt er op neer dat uit allerlei soorten onderzoek blijkt dat NRT (nicotine therapie als hulpmiddel bij stoppen met roken) veilig is, en dat zowel bij gezonde bevolking als bij patiënten met reeds bestaande hart- en vaatziekten, er geen toename is van hartziekten of plotselinge dood.
expert reaction to report on nicotine and toxicant exposure in vapers and smokers -
This JAMA Network Open paper is important, being the most comprehensive study of its type yet published (more subjects tested, more biomarkers measured and an impressive collection of world class expertise among the authors)
The paper shows that e-cigarette users are exposed to some harmful chemical compounds but mostly at much lower levels than smokers. The absence of tobacco and combustion products generally means that the levels of most harmful chemicals is much lower in e-cigarette vapour than in tobacco smoke as long as vapers don’t exceed the manufacturer’s recommended power settings. For smokers who switch to vaping in order to reduce their exposure to harmful chemicals while continuing to satisfy their need for nicotine: quit smoking entirely otherwise your exposure will remain at high levels. For those who neither vape nor smoke: don’t be tempted to start vaping as the “safer.
Researchers at Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center evaluated the effects of electronic cigarette use on the maximal ability of the coronary arteries to supply with blood and oxygen the heart itself. They recruited 60 participants, 30 smokers and 30 electronic cigarette users. Measurement of maximal coronary blood flow was performed in smokers before and after smoking 2 cigarettes and, on a separate day, after using an electronic cigarette with 18mg/ml nicotine concentration for 15 minutes. In electronic cigarette users, coronary circulation was evaluated before and after using the same electronic cigarette device for 15 minutes. After smoking 2 cigarettes, the researchers observed a 16% reduction in maximal coronary blood flow and a 19% elevation in resistance to flow. However, after electronic cigarette use, no difference in coronary blood flow and resistance was observed compared to the baseline measurement. “The results are impressive and indicate that, unlike tobacco, electronic cigarette use does not affect the oxygenation of the heart”
Samengevat komt het er op neer dat die stijfheid een tijdelijk effect is, en dat zelfde effect ontstaat na een kop koffie drinken en veel andere dingen die we doen zoals het kijken naar een spannende film. En heeft geen schadelijke gevolgen op de lange termijn. Blood vessels need to be elastic in order to properly deliver blood from the heart to the vital organs. It is well-known that one of the main adverse effects of smoking is acute stiffening of the blood vessels. Researchers from Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center in Greece recruited 108 healthy subjects (51 smokers and 57 electronic cigarette users). All participants were evaluated at baseline, after smoking and vaping abstinence for 8 hours. Smokers were asked to smoke 2 tobacco cigarettes and use an 18mg/ml nicotine-containing electronic cigarette for 10 minutes on 2 separate days; electronic cigarette users were evaluated after 10 minutes of electronic cigarette use. Subjects were evaluated 20 minutes after use, by echocardiographic measurement of 3 elasticity parameters of the aorta. Smoking 2 tobacco cigarettes caused significant stiffening of the aorta; all measured parameters showed a 17-22% worsening of elastic properties. On the contrary, both in smokers and electronic cigarette users, no difference was observed after electronic cigarette use. The results are important because aortic elasticity is a significant predictor of future cardiovascular events. Watching a suspense movie also increases aortic stiffness, but no one would argue that watching a movie has cardiovascular effects that are "as bad as smoking, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251872
Bij rokers blijkt de overstap Nicotine-arme sigaretten over langere tijd niet als effect te hebben, dat rokers minder tabaksigaretten gaan roken. Dit is geen geschikte idee om mensen te laten stoppen met roken. Omdat de gebruikers echte sigaretten blijft gebruiken, krijgt de gebruiker nog steeds alle ongezonde en kankerverwekkende stoffen binnen. Er is dus geen reden om over te stappen op nicotine-arme sigaretten. Long term study indicates reduced nicotine t0bacco used in cigarettes does not reduces smoking.
Infants born to women who used NRT for smoking cessation in pregnancy were more likely to have unimpaired development. Baby's van vrouwen die NRT (nicotine pleisters) gebruikt voor het stoppen met roken tijdens de zwangerschaphadden meer kans omongeschondenontwikkeling van hun baby. Deze vrouwen werden vergeleken met een groep die gestopt waren met roken en een placebo kregen en persoonlijke begeleiding. Opmerkelijk is dus hierbij dat nicotine pleisters gebruiken dus een positieve invloed had, vergeleken bij geen nicotine gebruiken.
As Professor Karl Fagerström explains in Dependence on tobacco and nicotine, it isn’t as simple as a single substance addiction. It’s rather complex with lots of individual differences.
“Our findings demonstrated that high temperature e-cigarette vehicle vaporization does not alter micro- and macro-vascular function, and oxidative stress, and that these effects are solely attributable to nicotine.”
We used to believe that nicotine is very dependence producing, but the evidence suggests that there are a number of problems with this statement. For example, animals do not self-administer nicotine as readily as they do other dependence producing drug. Abstinent smokers seem to prefer a much reduced or nicotine free e-cigarette rather than other - often stronger - nicotine-containing products like gum; and although nicotine replacement treatment is an effective aid for quitting smoking, its efficacy is moderate even in doses that replace most or all nicotine from the cigarettes formerly used (Dale et al. 1995). There is very little to no evidence for the abuse of nicotine when not delivered in a tobacco vehicle.
Cigarette smoking increases blood coagulability, a major risk factor for acute cardiovascular events, whereas transdermal nicotine does not appear to do so. Clinical trials of NRT in patients with underlying, stable coronary disease suggest that nicotine does not increase cardiovascular risk. The risks of NRT for smokers, even for those with underlying cardiovascular disease, are small and are substantially outweighed by the potential benefits of smoking cessation.
Interessant artikel van psychiater Anna Fels (psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical College). Buiten dat het boeiend is over wat nicotine kan betekenen voor een mens, is ook het volgende wat zij zegt van belang: I called several experts in the field and they all agreed that there are no well-documented serious harmful effects of non-tobacco nicotine products — other than addiction. Kort gezegd, nicotine is niet gevaarlijk en veroorzaakt geen ziekten. Het kan verslavend zijn. En in een sigaret is het probleem dat je daarmee kankerverwekkende en andere ziekmakende stoffen binnen krijgt.
Derivatives of nicotine such as cotinine have great potential to become effective agents to prevent and alleviate neurological symptoms developed in subjects with Parkinsonism. It is surprising the absence of funding for the clinical development of these compounds, as they could be therapeutic solutions which have been lying in front of our eyes for hundreds of years, waiting for development.
Het potentieel verslavende stofje pyrazine wordt ook aan tabak toegevoegd. Naast pakweg een stuk of 8 andere verslavende stoffen als MAOI´s en nicotine en een aantal op nicotine lijkende stoffen.
Adding a nicotine patch (15 mg per 16 hours) to behavioral cessation support for women who smoked during pregnancy did not significantly increase the rate of abstinence from smoking until delivery or the risk of adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes. Het geven van een nicotinepleister (15 mg per 16 uur) aan vrouwen die rookten tijdens de zwangerschap, liet niet meer vrouwen stoppen met roken. Maar gaf ook geen extra risico op bijwerkingen of nadelige effecten bij de zwangerschap of geboorte, bij vrouwen die dit gebruikten.
The addictiveness of nicotine depends on the delivery system.
It is possible that the addictiveness of tobacco cigarettes may be enhanced by compounds in the smoke other than nicotine.
It is not yet clear how addictive e-cigarettes are, or could be, relative to tobacco cigarettes.
long-term use of nicotine by ‘snus’ (a low nitrosamine form of smokeless tobacco) users has not been found to increase the risk of serious health problems in adults, and use of nicotine replacement therapy by pregnant smokers has not been found to increase risk to the foetus.
Results : Propensity score matching markedly improved balance on the potential confounders between the pharmaceutical aid use groups. Using matched samples to provide a balanced comparison, there was no evidence that use of varenicline (adjusted risk difference [aRD] = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.07 to 0.11), bupropion (aRD = 0.02, 95% CI = –0.04 to 0.09), or nicotine replacement (aRD = 0.01, 95% CI = –0.03 to 0.06) increased the probability of 30 days or more smoking abstinence at one-year follow-up.
Conclusions: The lack of effectiveness of pharmaceutical aids in increasing long-term cessation in population samples is not an artifact caused by confounded analyses. A possible explanation is that counseling and support interventions provided in efficacy trials are rarely delivered in the general population.
=>Dit onderzoek laat zien dat mannen die niet roken maar wel tabak in de vorm van snus gebruiken aanzienlijk lager risico lopen op de ziekte van Parkinson. De resultaten toonden ook een omgekeerde dosis-respons relatie tussen snus gebruik en het risico op de ziekte van Parkinson. Deze resultaten impliceren dat nicotine of andere bestanddelen van tabaksbladeren de ontwikkeling van de ziekte van Parkinson kunnen beïnvloeden. =>Non-smoking men who used snus had a substantially lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Results also indicated an inverse dose-response relationship between snus use and Parkinson's disease risk. Our findings suggest that nicotine or other components of tobacco leaves may influence the development of Parkinson's disease.
Some e-cigarette users were dependent on nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, but these products were less addictive than tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes may be as or less addictive than nicotine gums, which themselves are not very addictive. (komt overeen met onderzoeken dat nicotine alleen hoog verslavend is in tabak, dus in combinatie met andere stoffen die in tabak toegevoegd worden).
Studie van Jean-François Etter. Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva. Conclusies: Sommige e-sigaret gebruikers zijn afhankelijk van nicotine-bevattende e-sigaretten. Maar E-sigaretten waren minder verslavend dan tabak sigaretten. E-sigaretten kunnen minder verslavend zijn als nicotine kauwgum, en die kauwgum zelf is ook niet er verslavend.
CONCLUSIONS: Some e-cigarette users were dependent on nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, but these products were less addictive than tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes may be as or less addictive than nicotine gums, which themselves are not very addictive. Conclusies: Sommige e-sigaret gebruikers zijn afhankelijk van nicotine-bevattende e-sigaretten. Maar e-sigaretten waren minder verslavend dan tabak sigaretten. E-sigaretten is minder verslavend als nicotine kauwgum, wat van zichzelf niet erg verslavend is.
A wide range of electronic cigarette (EC) devices, from small cigarette-like (first-generation) to new-generation high-capacity batteries with electronic circuits that provide high energy to a refillable atomizer, are available for smokers to substitute smoking. Nicotine delivery to the bloodstream is important in determining the addictiveness of ECs, but also their efficacy as smoking substitutes. In this study, plasma nicotine levels were measured in experienced users using a first- vs. new-generation EC device for 1 hour with an 18 mg/ml nicotine-containing liquid. ==> Plasma nicotine levels were higher by 35–72% when using the new- compared to the first-generation device. ==>Compared to smoking one tobacco cigarette, the EC devices and liquid used in this study delivered one-third to one-fourth the amount of nicotine after 5 minutes of use. ==>New-generation EC devices were more efficient in nicotine delivery, but still delivered nicotine much slower compared to tobacco cigarettes. ==>The use of 18 mg/ml nicotine-concentration liquid probably compromises ECs' effectiveness as smoking substitutes; this study supports the need for higher levels of nicotine-containing liquids (approximately 50 mg/ml) in order to deliver nicotine more effectively and approach the nicotine-delivery profile of tobacco cigarettes.
Nicotine bereikt na 7 seconden de hersenen. In een onderzoek kregen de deelnemers sigaretten zonder en met nicotine te roken. Zij moesten snel, binnen 7 seconden aangeven welke sigaret zij het meest waardeerde. Daarbij bleken sigaretten met nicotine de voorkeur te hebben. De prikkelende sensaties in de luchtwegen werden gemist in sigaretten zonder nicotine. Dit feit ondersteunt dat niet de nicotine verslaving niet vergelijkbaar is met ontwenningsverschijnselen die ontstaan bij bijvoorbeeld een heroïne verslaving. => Dit is herkenbaar bij een aantal e-sigaret gebruikers die een tijd zonder nicotine gedampt hebben. Zij hebben niet de trek naar nicotine maar voegen een hele kleine hoeveelheid toe. Zij dampen vaak 1mg per ml voor de smaak beleving. (dergelijke kleine hoeveelheden zijn niet eens te koop, maar kunnen ze doen door dampvloestof met weinig en zonder nicotine te mengen). =>Er zijn een groot aantal aanwijzingen dat juist nicotine in combinate met een 12 tal andere stoffen in tabaksrook erg verslavend is. Maar juist niciotine alleen, b.v. aangeleverd in nicotine pleisters of e-sigaretten, juist veel minder verslavend is. Ook bij onderzoek met dieren blijkt het vrijwel onmogelijk dieren verslaafd te maken aan nicotine.
It has never been proven that nicotine exposure is a carcinogen in humans. More so, the FDA has strongly proclaimed nicotine as safe for long-term use and eliminated the required time limit recommendations on labeling for over-the-counter nicotine products. The most recent research still hasn’t shown a link between nicotine products and cancer, either. Onderzoek: In the adjusted models for lung cancer, nicotine replacement therapy alone was not a significant predictor (p = .57), while smoking during the Lung Health Study was a significant predictor (p = .03). When nicotine replacement therapy and smoking were entered in the same model, nicotine replacement therapy remained not significant (p = .25) and smoking was clearly significant (p = .02). Nicotine replacement therapy and smoking were not significant predictors of cancer in the models for gastrointestinal cancer or all cancers.
Non-nicotine tobacco products can play a significant role in enhancing the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Addition of acetaldehyde to nicotine facilitates initial acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adolescent rats (Belluzzi et al. 2005), whereas treatment with MAOIs significantly increases self-administration and prolongs the aversive state of nicotine withdrawal (Guillem et al. 2005, 2008). In the present study, we have shown for the first time that a cocktail of the minor tobacco alkaloids: anabasine, anatabine, cotinine, myosmine and nornicotine produces a similar effect. At concentrations relevant to those contained in cigarette smoke, addition of the minor alkaloids to the nicotine infusion solution significantly enhanced locomotor activity and sensitization, increased the reinforcing efficacy of nicotine over several doses and strengthened rats' motivation to obtain nicotine. We have also shown that of the minor alkaloids tested, myosmine, anatabine and cotinine individually increased nicotine-induced locomotor activity, highlighting a possible role for these specific minor alkaloids in tobacco addiction.
The Lung Health Study enrolled 5,887 participants in a randomized trial to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present study used surveillance data on 3,320 intervention participants who enrolled in the Lung Health Study for 5 years and who were then followed by the Lung Cancer Substudy for 7.5 years. ===>Although the surveillance time was short, smoking predicted cancer in this analysis and nicotine replacement therapy did not.
Research: Nicotine is the major neuroactive compound of tobacco, but according to this 2005 paper; on its own it has weak reinforcing (addictive) properties. It appears other compounds found in tobacco smoke when combined with nicotine produce the intense reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking that lead to addiction."
Rats breathed in a chamber with nicotine at a concentration giving twice the plasma concentration found in heavy smokers. Nicotine was given for 20 h a day, five days a week during a two-year period. Conclusion: our study does not indicate any harmful effect of nicotine when given in its pure form by inhalation. Particularly, there was no microscopic or macroscopic lung tumors nor any increase in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells.
Vaping helps people stop smoking - even when they don’t want to, according to new research from the University of East Anglia. Cancer Research UK, financierde dit onderzoek. Conclusie : Dampen (e-sigaret) helpt rokers stoppen, zelfs als ze dat niet willen. Dat blijkt uit onderzoek van de Universiteit van East Anglia. Volgens onderzoeker dr. Caitlin Notley geven rokers aan dat als zij overstappen op e-sigaretten zij zich beter voelen. Meer smaak hebben en minder ademhalingsproblemen. Dat leidt er uiteindelijk toe dat veel overgestapte rokers de sigaretten uiteindelijk helemaal laten staan. Het onderzoek is gepubliceerd in het : Harm Reduction Journal : The unique contribution of e-cigarettes for tobacco harm reduction in supporting smoking relapse prevention
Gebruik van e-sigaretten gaat gepaard met toegenomen pogingen tot stoppen met afgelopen 12 maanden en succesvol stoppen met roken in twee US Population-Based Surveys. Lees ook : Gebruik e-sigaretten geeft meer pogingen en succesvol stoppen met roken Compared with 2006, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation increased among adults aged 25–44 in recent years. Current e-cigarette use was associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation among established smokers. E-cigarettes were introduced into the US market over the past decade. During this period, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation have increased among US adults aged 25–44. These trends are inconsistent with the hypothesis that e-cigarette use is delaying quit attempts and leading to decreased smoking cessation. In contrast, current e-cigarette use was associated with significantly higher past-12-month quit attempts and past-12-month cessation. These findings suggest that e-cigarette use contributes to a reduction in combustible cigarette use among established smokers.
Does e-cigarette advertising encourage adult smokers to quit? -
We predict that a ban on TV advertising (of e-cigs) would lower the quit rate by around 3%, while a policy that would not discourage it would raise the quit rate by slightly more than 10%. We find no effects of exposure to magazine ads on quit behavior.
2020-03 E-Cigarettes More Effective Than Counseling for Smoking Cessation -
Vaping significantly improved smoking quit rate and reduced number of daily cigarettes at 12 weeks. Smokers who received smoking cessation counseling and used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) containing nicotine were more than twice as likely to successfully quit smoking compared to those who received counseling but did not use e-cigarettes, in a clinical trial presented at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2020 Scientific Session.
Dagelijks gebruik van e-sigaretten kan rokers helpen om te stoppen met roken. Deze tweejaarlijkse studie van het tabaksonderzoeks- en behandelingscentrum van het Massachusetts General toont aan dat dagelijks gebruik van e-sigaretten, vergeleken met geen gebruik van e-sigaretten, wordt geassocieerd met een toename van 77% van de kans op langdurige stoppen met roken. Gegevens van meer dan 8.000 volwassen rokers werden gebruikt. Deze studie toont aan dat e-sigaretten nuttig kunnen zijn voor sommige rokers die niet kunnen stoppen met bestaande behandelingen. Rokers die e-sigaretten gebruikten, maar niet dagelijks, waren niet kansrijker dan niet-gebruikers om langdurig stoppen van brandbare sigaretten aan te tonen. Daily e-cigarette use may help smokers quit regular cigarettes. A new study from the Massachusetts General Hospital’s (MGH) Tobacco Research and Treatment Center provides critical population-level evidence demonstrating that using e-cigarettes daily helps U.S. smokers quit smoking combustible (i.e. regular) cigarettes. Using data from more than 8,000 adult smokers. This study suggests e-cigarettes may be helpful for some smokers who are not able to quit with existing treatments. Smokers who used e-cigarettes, but not daily, were not more likely than nonusers to demonstrate prolonged abstinence from combustible cigarettes.
Research published in Addiction demonstrates that people attempting to quit with the help of e-cigarettes are about 95% more likely to report succeeding than those trying without. Dr Leonie Brose, Senior Lecturer at the National Addiction Centre, King’s College London, said: “This very robust study surveyed almost 19,000 individuals in England who had tried to quit smoking and showed that those who used varenicline or e-cigarettes were most likely to have been successful. This is in line with what has already been found in randomised controlled trials and extends these findings to adult smokers in the real world. While success rates were similar for varenicline and vaping, vaping is much more popular among smokers trying to quit smoking and thus helped more smokers quit.”
Main findings - Daily ecigs users 8x more likely to quit 1 year later than non-users or infrequent users - Tanks more effective than cigalikes - Substantial smoging reduction in dual users Conclusion : We found daily e-cigarette initiators were more likely to have quit smoking cigarettes or reduced use compared with non-users. However,less frequent e-cigarette use was not associ-ated with cigarette cessation/reduction. Our findings add to the growing evidence suggesting adult smokers in the USA are using e-cigarettes to help themselves quit smoking cigarettes or reduce their cigarette use. Understanding the implications of e-cigarette use for product transitions away from tobacco use may help inform the Federal Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Productson the expected contribution of e-cigarettes to future trends in tobacco cigarette use and the burden of tobacco-related disease. Additionally, findings from this study can inform future health education and communication efforts around cigarette smoking cessation and harm reduction strategies.
Study finds smokers who are willing to use e-cigarettes tend to smoke less and increase their quit attempts. Results showed that when smokers were given e-cigarettes without any accompanying instructions or requirements for use, uptake was strong, and many participants went on to purchase their own e-cigarettes. This suggests that e-cigarettes might give smokers a suitable alternative to combustible cigarettes. Those who used e-cigarettes smoked less and were more likely to quit smoking, as compared to those in the control group.
Canadees onderzoek over het gebruik van rokenstopproducten, gedaan bij patiënten in gemeentelijke apotheken. Conclusie: E-sigaretten waren het meest effectieve rookstopmiddel. Gemeten effectiviteit:
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego Conclusion The substantial increase in e-cigarette use among US adult smokers was associated with a statistically significant increase in the smoking cessation rate at the population level.
Conclusion: This study found that frequency of use of e-cigarettes (vape) was directly associated with perceived satisfaction and indirectly associated with perceived danger, both measured in comparison to cigarettes. In addition, non-Cig-alike vaping products were more likely to be used by more frequent users. The majority of Daily users of e-cigarettes found them to be “much more satisfying” than cigarettes and less dangerous than cigarettes. Future studies need to employ measures of satisfaction and perceived harmfulness, and type of product used in order to assess the use of vaping.
Er is positief bewijs dat E-sigaretten minstens zo effectief als andere nicotinevervangers als hulpmiddel zijn, om te helpen met stoppen met roken van tabak.
Er is GEEN bewijs gevonden van een gateway effect waarbij jongeren die experimenteren met e-sigaretten, als gevolg daarvan, meer kans zouden hebben tot tabak gebruik. Het beschikbare bewijs is dat het gebruik van tabak door jongeren is gedaald, terwijl het gebruik van e-sigaretten is toegenomen.
Second hand blootstelling aan damp is van voorbijgaande aard vergeleken met blootstelling aan tabaksrook. Er is aangetoond dat er een minimale blootstelling aan nicotine zou kunnen plaatsvinden en er vindt geen significante blootstelling aan carcinogenen zoals die in tabaksrook zitten.
Damp van e-sigaretten bevat aanzienlijk minder giftige stoffen dan rook van gewone tabak sigaretten. Over eventuele aanwezigheid van een aantal kankerverwekkende stoffen is te weinig onderzoek geweest. Hierover kan men dus geen uitspraken doen of deze wel of niet aanwezig kunnen zijn.
Plaatje Victoria Universiteit Canada - toelichting onderzoek: e-sigaret is effectief rookstopmiddel.
• Meer dan de helft van de dagelijkse e-sigaret gebruikers zijn gestopt met roken in de afgelopen 5 jaar. • Dagelijkse e-sigaret gebruikers zijn 3 keer kansrijker om te stoppen met roken dan gebruikers die nooit e-sigaretten gebruikt hebben. • Gebruikers die zo nu en dan e-sigaretten gebruikten zijn het minst kansrijk om te stoppen met roken. • Sommige rokers kunnen stoppen roken of voorkomen dat ze terugvallen naar roken met frequent e-sigaret gebruik
De Health Information and Quality Authority in Ierland heeft gezegd dat een toenemend gebruik van e-sigaretten door rokers die proberen te stoppen met roken "het aantal mensen die met succes stoppen ten opzichte van de bestaande situatie in Ierland zou verhogen". Dit is voor de eerste keer in Ierland dat e-sigaretten zijn opgenomen in een studie naar de kosteneffectiviteit van hulpmiddelen voor stoppen met roken. 29% van de rokers gebruikt e-sigaret om te stoppen met roken. The Health Information and Quality Authority has said that an increased use of e-cigarettes by smokers trying to quit "would increase the number of people who successfully quit compared with the existing situation in Ireland". For the first time e-cigarettes are included in a study on the cost effectiveness of aids for quitting smoking in Ireland. Data from Healthy Ireland reveals that 29% of smokers currently use e-cigarettes as an aid to quitting smoking.
De snelle toename van de populariteit van elektronische sigaretten ('e-sigaretten') in Groot-Brittannië heeft bijgedragen aan de algehele daling van de tabak sigaretten consumptie sinds 2008. De resultaten toonden aan dat het gebruik van e-sigaretten door rokers in Engeland steeg van 2% in 2011 tot 21% medio 2013 met een stabiele trend daarna.
==>Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California. This study examined the relationship between long-term use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation in a 2-year period. A nationally representative sample of 2028 US smokers were surveyed in 2012 and 2014. At 2-year follow-up, 43.7% of baseline dual users were still using e-cigarettes. Long-term e-cigarette users had a higher quit attempt rate than short-term or non-users. Short-term e-cigarette use was not associated with a lower rate of smoking cessation. Long-term use of e-cigarettes was associated with a higher rate of quitting smoking. 42.4% smoking cessation rate in Long-term e-cigarette users. ==> No cessation aid introduced in the last decade has resulted in such a large increase in overall use of cessation aids. Even with the introduction of varenicline, a highly effective pharmacotherapy, the rate of using FDA-approved pharmacotherapies has hovered around 30% (similar to the 28% found in this study). The introduction of varenicline mainly displaced other therapies. In contrast, e-cigarettes do not appear to have simply displaced other therapies. Instead, they have contributed to a 50% increase in the rate of smokers using cessation aids (provided one classifies e-cigarettes as a cessation aid). This suggests that many smokers who would not otherwise use pharmacotherapies are using e-cigarettes to help themselves quit. ==>Best advice to smokers: vape hard, often and long. Keep vaping even if you keep smoking.
Onderzoek gepubliceerd in het Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire, uitgegeven door het agentschap Volksgezondheid Frankrijk. De conclusie is dat e-sigaretten geen opstap naar tabak roken zijn, maar daarentegen als middel voor het stoppen met roken worden gebruikt.
France: A 200,000-participant survey to blow away the gateway to smoking hypothesis?
Vaporizer use is slightly more frequent among ex-smokers;
Dual use is twice as frequent as vaping;
Vaping prevalence is similar for men and women and decreases with age;
Dual users report the lowest prevalence of Very good-Good self-rated health and the highest depressiveness prevalence
There is a clear gradient in e-cigarette use according to the number of pack-years of tobacco smoking,
Trends over one year show that no e-cigarette exclusive user had become a smoker one year later.
“These preliminary results on e-cigarette do not suggest gateway effect to tobacco smoking“, write the authors and they add that the results “rather suggest that it is used for smoking cessation“
Researchers from King's College London and the London South Bank University, United Kingdom, found that the use of e-cigarettes for 6 weeks led to significant reductions in tobacco use and in expired carbon monoxide levels. The researchers concluded that e-cigarettes may be "useful in supporting smoking reduction/cessation in patients with serious mental illness" without exacerbating their psychopathologic symptoms.
Researchers from University College London estimate that use of e-cigarettes produced 16K-22K additional long-term quitters in England in 2014.1 A long-term quitter is someone who has not smoked for at least one year. Previous research has found that when used in this way, e-cigarettes increase the chances of success by around 50% compared with using no support or one of the traditional nicotine products such as gum or skin patch bought from a shop. This raises the long-term success rates from around 5% to around 7½%. (see "Electronic cigarettes in England - latest trends" (ref STS140122) at http://www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/).
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 5 January 2016 - A new study, published in the Journal of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, found that e-cigarettes share a similar short-term safety profile as Nicorette® products and are comparable in reducing tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Amsterdam, Nederland, 5 januari 2016 - Een nieuwe studie, gepubliceerd in het Journal of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, concludeert dat e-sigaretten een vergelijkbaar veiligheidsprofiel voor de korte termijn hebben als Nicorette® producten en dat het effect vergelijkbaar is voor het reduceren van tabaksgerelateerde ontwenningsverschijnselen. 'In tegenstelling tot andere nicotinevervangende therapieën, zou het vape product dat we voor de studie gebruikten een effectief alternatief kunnen zijn voor sigaretten, voor hen die moeite ervaren om te stoppen met roken, als gevolg van het gemis van de gewoonte en zintuiglijke aspecten van het roken.', aldus Tanvir Walele, senior wetenschapper. Het onderzoek: www.sciencedirect.com/science/S0273230015301380
The Mayo Clinic has released of an observational study where patients facing elective surgery were given Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices (ENDS) before and two weeks after elective surgery. The goal to reduce the risk of possible complications during the healing process after surgery is important. Smoking cigarettes can bring post-operative complications to patients, and they are always encouraged to stop smoking before surgery. The purpose of the study was to see if patients would "cut down" or eliminate cigarette consumption before and after surgery using these products. Long term abstinence was not considered as part of the study. Daily use and behavior was recorded during the study and findings with a 30 day follow-up with patients showed 17% were abstinent from smoking, 51% planned continued use, and "average cigarette consumption decreased from 15.6 per person to 7.6 over the study period". The study stated "use is feasible and well-accepted in surgical patients." De Mayo Kliniek heeft een onderzoek gepubliceerd waarbij patiënten die geplande chirurgische ingreep moesten ondergaan, een Elektrische sigaret kregen vooraf en twee weken na de chirurgische ingreep. Het doel was om de kans op complicaties tijdens het genezingsproces te verminderen na de operatie. Het roken van sigaretten kan postoperatieve complicaties veroorzaken. En patiënten worden altijd aangemoedigd om te stoppen met roken voor de operatie. Het doel van de studie was om te zien of patiënten met roken gestopt zijn met roken of sigarettengebruik hadden verminderd door het gebruik van deze producten; zowel voor als na de operatie. Dagelijks gebruik en gedrag werd geregistreerd tijdens het onderzoek. De bevindingen met een 30 dagen follow-up vertoonden bij de patiënten dat 17% gestopt waren met roken, 51% wilde het gebruik van elektrische sigaretten voortzetten, en het "gemiddeld verbruik van sigaretten daalde van 15,6 per persoon tot 7,6 gedurende de onderzoeksperiode ". Conclusie "gebruik van elektrische sigaretten is haalbaar en wordt goed geaccepteerd bij chirurgische patiënten."
Analysis of national survey of adult tobacco use points to use of e-cigarettes as a quitting aid.
The highest prevalence of daily e-cigarette use we observed was among current smokers and former smokers who quit within the past year. The recent quitters are four times more likely to be daily users of e-cigarettes than current cigarette smokers (13 percent vs. 3.5 percent).
E-cigarettes do not appear to attract young adults, non-smokers or promote relapse among longer-term former smokers.
The researchers found that while any e-cigarette use was higher among young adults, daily e-cigarette use was more common among adults over age 25 than among young adults aged 18-24. The finding that daily e-cigarette use is less common among 18-24 year olds and never smokers is good news," according to David Abrams, executive director of the Schroeder Institute. "It suggests that e-cigarettes could be used to displace use of much more deadly cigarettes among smokers and could generate an impressive public health benefit in terms of lives saved.
University of Chieti, Italy - Smokers who successfully quit using e-cigarettes are far less likely to relapse and pick up tobacco. The study examined vapers– smokers and those who do both for a period of two years and wanted to see how effective e-cigarettes were in keeping people off cigarettes.
Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick USA. Current e-cigarette use is extremely low among never cigarette smokers (0.4%) and former smokers who quit cigarettes 4 or more years ago (0.8%). Although e-cigarette experimentation is most common among current cigarette smokers and young adults, daily use is highest among former smokers who quit in the past year (13.0%) and older adults. Compared to daily cigarette smokers, recently quit smokers were more than four times as likely to be daily users of e-cigarettes. Er wordt uitgebreider ingegaan op de data in artikel tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.nl new-population-based-study
Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg: => Recent studies have estimated that 21% of all deaths over the past decade are due to smoking, making it the leading cause of premature death in Canada. To date, many steps have been taken to eradicate the global epidemic of tobacco smoking. Most recently, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have become a popular smoking cessation tool. ENDS do not burn or use tobacco leaves, but instead vapourize a solution the user then inhales. The main constituents of the solution, in addition to nicotine when nicotine is present, are propylene glycol, with or without glycerol and flavouring agents. => After conducting the primary and secondary search, 109 publications were identified. After applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria through abstract and full-text review, four publications were included in the present literature review. A low risk of bias was established for each included study using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias evaluation framework.
we surveyed 7,326 current regular vapers, of whom, 5,000 (75%) were smoking regularly at the point of their first vape. Of these individuals, 4,235 (85.9%) had quit smoking completely since they started vaping regularly, and of the 754 respondents who were still smoking, 56% had reduced their daily smoking by at least 50% since they started vaping regularly.
Quick overview, we surveyed 7,326 current regular vapers, of whom, 5,000 (75%) were smoking regularly at the point of their first vape. Of these individuals, 4,235 (85.9%) had quit smoking completely since they started vaping regularly, and of the 754 respondents who were still smoking, 56% had reduced their daily smoking by at least 50% since they started vaping regularly. Lees ook : http://www.drugmisuseresearch.org/
The most important study findings were as follows:
Of the dual users, 64% reported having reduced their cigarette consumption;
Of the dual users, 56% had cut their cigarette consumption by 50% or more;
Of the dual users, 81% reported having quit smoking for a period of at least one week;
Of the dual users, 70% reported the intention to quit smoking within six months;
Of the dual users, 88% reported that they planned to cut their cigarette consumption by at least half in the next six months;
Of the dual users, 63% predicted that they would quit smoking completely within six months, and another 27% predicted that they would cut their cigarette consumption within six months.
Among vapor store customers in the United States who use electronic nicotine delivery devices to stop smoking, vaping longer, using newer-generation devices and using non-tobacco and non-menthol flavored e-liquid appear to be associated with higher rates of smoking cessation.
Most customers reported starting ENDS as a means of smoking cessation (86%), using newer-generation devices (89%), vaping non-tobacco/non-menthol flavors (72%) and using e-liquid with nicotine strengths of ≤20 mg/ml (72%).
There was a high rate of switching (91.4%) to newer-generation ENDS among those who started with a first-generation product. ==>Exhaled CO readings confirmed that 66% of the tested sample had quit smoking.
Study that was aimed at surveying changes in daily cigarette consumption in smokers making their first purchase at vape shops. Modifications in products purchase were also noted. Participants: 71 adult smokers making their first purchase at local participating vape shops were asked by professional retail staff to complete a form. Measurements: Their cigarette consumption was followed-up prospectively at 6 and 12 months. Details of products purchase (i.e., e-cigs hardware, e-liquid nicotine strengths and flavours) were also noted. Findings: Retention rate was elevated, with 69% of participants attending their final follow-up visit. At 12 month, 40.8% subjects could be classified as quitters, 25.4% as reducers and 33.8% as failures. Switching from standard refillables (initial choice) to more advanced devices (MODs) was observed in this study (from 8.5% at baseline to 18.4% at 12 month) as well as a trend in decreasing thee-liquid nicotine strength, with more participants adopting low nicotine strength (from 49.3% at baseline to 57.1% at 12 month). Conclusions: We have found that smokers purchasing e-cigarettes from vape shops with professional advice and support can achieve high success rates.
National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, Universiteit van Auckland, New Zealand “The use of e-cigarettes for quitting appears to be equally effective, safe, and acceptable for people with and without mental illness. For people with mental illness, e-cigarettes may be as effective and safe as patches, yet more acceptable, and associated with greater smoking reduction.“
E-Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; Conclusions : This systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the findings of six studies which reported smoking cessation after using e-cigarettes. We found an association between nicotine-enriched e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, suggesting that the devices may be an effective alternative smoking cessation method. We also found that use of e-cigarettes was also associated with a reduction in the number of cigarettes used, suggesting they may also have a role in tobacco harm reduction programs. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive evidence to date on this issue, and while there are a number of important implications for further research, these findings provide timely information to inform regulatory strategies.
Dagelijksgebruik van elektronischesigarettengedurende tenminste1maand is sterk geassocieerd metstoppen met roken. University of Massachusetts, Boston. Conclusions: Daily use of electronic cigarettes for at least 1 month is strongly associated with quitting smoking at follow up.
The “Vaping Truth Survey”. OVER 7,000 WORLDWIDE participants! Seventy Two Countries. This survey ran from Wednesday, December 17th of 2014 until Saturday, January 24th, 2015. Question Five: How long did you try vaping before you stopped smoking? Noted is the 2% saying it did not work, powerful evidence from vapers themselves show that ONE DAY is all it took at 42%. This is a very important figure to note. In total, 75% said vaping stopped them from smoking within a MONTH. Trial and error is probably the main reason with this 1 day figure not being higher. This can help a reader conclude that nicotine strength, taste & backups are the key to success with vaping. On question 10, we’ll show what doesn’t work: The struggle to stop smoking has been around since the adverse effects have been felt. Overwhelmingly, cold turkey was number one in the total answers, but Nicotine Reduction Therapy like the “patch” & gum were included in this survey and were the highest chosen. The most advertised forms of ways to stop smoking with other products INCLUDING prescription drugs are overwhelmingly ineffective and NOT helping smokers quit like vaping does according to participants.
“This study showed that people who used Electronic cigarettes (EC) were more likely to cut down the amount they smoked by at least half than people using a patch. The other studies were of lower quality, but they supported these findings. There was no evidence that using electronic cigarettes at the same time as using regular cigarettes made people less likely to quit smoking. […] None of the RCTs or cohort studies reported any serious adverse events (SAEs) that were considered to be plausibly related to electronic cigarette use. […] No evidence emerged that short-term electronic cigarette use is associated with health risk.”
Electronic cigarettes (EC): review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. From internet based surveys, outcomes found the most popular e-liquids had a nicotine content of 18 mg/ml. The most popular flavors were tobacco, mint and fruit. These users reported that e-cigarettes consistently helped them quit conventional cigarettes (rates ranged from 42–99%) or to reduce their use (60–86%). Users felt e-cigarettes were less addictive than cigarettes, and time from waking to nicotine use was longer for those users than for cigarette smokers. Cravings were also reduced according to the studies as only 18% reported that they craved the electronic version as much as tobacco.
E-sigaret gebruikershebben meer kans om blijvend te stoppen dandegenen diegebruikt maken van NRT´s (nicotine vervangende middelen als nicotine pleister) die vrij gekocht kunnen worden.
In between and until six months after the lab sessions—resulted in remarkable reductions in or (biologically confirmed) complete abstinence from tobacco smoking in almost half of the participants who had no intention to quit smoking In een onderzoek met vond men dat 2e generatie elektrische sigaretten direct en zeer effectief waren in het terugbrengen van het hunkeren naar een sigaret en het terugdringen van afkickverschijnselen. De KU Leuven verdeelde voor een onderzoek rokers die niet van plan waren te stoppen, in twee groepen: de ene groep kreeg een e-sigaret, de andere niet. Van de deelnemers in de groep die e-sigaretten kreeg, stopte het merendeel met roken. Later kreeg ook de controlegroep een e-sigaret . “Op het einde van de acht maanden durende studie onthield 21% van alle deelnemers zich volledig van het roken van tabak (biologisch geverifieerd, via CO-meting). Over alle groepen heen was het aantal gerookte tabakssigaretten per dag afgenomen met 60%. Ter vergelijking: van alle rokers die louter op wilskracht proberen te stoppen, slaagt slechts 3 à 5% erin 6 tot 12 maanden rookvrij te blijven na een stoppoging.”
Bij de Center for Study Research van de Universiteit van Massachusetts in Boston is een studie gedaan naar het stoppen met roken. Eén van de conclusies was dat rokers die tenminste één maand elektronische sigaretten hebben gebruikt, zes keer zo veel kans hadden om te stoppen met roken. Het onderzoek is gepubliceerd in de journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research. De rokers zijn 3 jaar gevolgd voor dit onderzoek.
A study published in the journal Internal and Emergency Medicine reports that among a sample of 40 patients with no desire to quit smoking who were offered electronic cigarettes, 16 of them (40%) were either completely smoke-free or had cut down on their cigarette consumption by more than one-half at two-year follow-up. Studie gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Interne en Emergency Medicine meldt dat bij een steekproef onder 40 patiënten zonder plannen om te stoppen met roken, waaraan elektronische sigaretten werden aangeboden, 16 van hen (40%) volledig rookvrij waren, dus gestopt waren met roken of ze hadden hun consumptie van tabak sigaretten met meer dan de helft verminderd na twee jaar follow-up. Dit is een verbazingwekkend resultaat, omdat je dit niet hoort van andere rookstopmiddelen. Het komt overeen met de verschillende verhalen die in fora voor mensen die elektrische sigaretten gebruiken. Een grote groep beschrijft dat zij niet bezig waren met het stoppen met roken. Maar wel een elektrische sigaret kochten. Een aantal stopt meteen de eerste dag. Een grote groep vindt binnen een week sigaretten onsmakelijk en constateren opeens dat ze alleen meer dampen. Er is ook nog een groep die er pakweg een maand over doet, maar zelfs een groep die gedurende een half jaar tot heel jaar langzaam aan minder sigaretten gaat roken, en uiteindelijk helemaal stoppen. Meer informatie : tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.nl/new-study-reports-amazing-40-success.html
Gerry Stimson, emeritus professor Public Health, spreekt zijn verontrusting uit over de starre houding van de gezondheidszorg jegens de e-sigaret. "People cannot achieve their fullest health potential unless they are able to take control of those things which determine their health’. This seems to be exactly what electronic cigarette consumers are doing—taking control of things that determine their health. So it is also remarkable that this trend in electronic cigarette use has had little support from public health experts."
Conclusie: Het toestaan vanelektrische sigaretten om te concurreren metsigaretten inde marktzouroken gerelateerdemorbiditeit en mortaliteitverminderen. Elektrische sigaretten even strikt regulerenalssigaretten, of zelfs meerstrikt,isnietgerechtvaardigd gezien de huidige gegevens. Gezondheidsdeskundigenkunnen overwegenrokers te adviseren om te stoppenvia andereroutes en over te stappen naar de elektrische sigaretals eenveiliger alternatief voorroken als een mogelijkheid om het gebruik van nicotine tebeëindiging. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25078252 EC (Electronic cigarettes) aerosol can contain some of the toxicants present in tobacco smoke, but at levels which are much lower. Long-term health effects of EC use are unknown but compared with cigarettes, EC are likely to be much less, if at all, harmful to users or bystanders. EC are increasingly popular among smokers, but to date there is no evidence of regular use by never-smokers or by non-smoking children. EC enable some users to reduce or quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Allowing EC to compete with cigarettes in the market-place might decrease smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Regulating EC as strictly as cigarettes, or even more strictly as some regulators propose, is not warranted on current evidence.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Boston have found that regular use of e-cigarettes may benefit smokers who are trying to kick the habit. The new study from the Center for Survey Research shows that smokers who used e-cigarettes daily for at least one month were six times as likely to quit smoking altogether, compared to those who rarely or never tried one.
CONCLUSION: The e-cigarette was more acceptable, provided more satisfaction, and had higher perceived benefit than the inhaler during this trial. E-cigarettes have the potential to be important nicotine delivery products owing to their high acceptance and perceived benefit
(London´s Global University) People attempting to quit smoking without professional help are approximately 60% more likely to report succeeding if they use e-cigarettes than if they use willpower alone or over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapies such as patches or gum, finds a large UCL survey of smokers in England. The study, published in Addiction, surveyed 5,863 smokers between 2009 and 2014 who had attempted to quit smoking without the aid of prescription medication or professional support. (London´s Global University) Mensen die proberen te stoppen met roken zonder professionele hulp hebben ongeveer 60% meer kans om te slagen als ze gebruik maken van e-sigaretten, dan wanneer zij het alleen op wilskracht of ket nicotinevervangende middelen zoals pleisters of kauwgom proberen. Bevindingen uit een grote UCL studie over rokers in Engeland. De studie, gepubliceerd in tijdschrift "Addiction", ondervroeg 5.863 rokers tussen 2009 en 2014, die had geprobeerd om met roken te stoppen zonder de hulp van de voorgeschreven medicatie of professionele ondersteuning.
2014-05 Addiction - E-Cigarettes Can Help Smokers to Quit, New Research Shows -
The study surveyed 5,863 smokers between 2009 and 2014 who had attempted to quit smoking without the aid of prescription medication or professional support. 20% of people trying to quit with the aid of e-cigarettes reported having stopped smoking conventional cigarettes at the time of the survey.
“E-cigarettes could substantially improve public health because of their widespread appeal and the huge health gains associated with stopping smoking,” says Professor Robert West of University College London's Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, senior author of the study. “However, we should also recognise that the strongest evidence remains for use of the NHS stop-smoking services. These almost triple a smoker’s odds of successfully quitting compared with going it alone or relying on over-the-counter products.”
Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos heeft onderzoek gedaan onder 19.500 dampers. Ruim 80% van hen is totaal gestopt met roken, slechts 0,5% had nooit eerder gerookt, en de rest is aanzienlijk minder gaan roken Dampen blijkt een effectieve tabaksvervanger.
Conclusie : E-sigaretten kunnen bijdragen aan preventie tegen terugvallen naar roken bij voormalige rokers en kan bijdragen bij het stoppen met roken voor huidige rokers.
A study, headed by Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos, finds that flavors play a major role in the overall experience of dedicated vapers which supports the hypothesis that flavored e liquids are important contributors in reducing or eliminating the smoking of tobacco cigarettes. Published December 2013.
These figures clearly suggest that smokers are finding electronic cigarettes helpful. If they were ineffective one would not expect the market to take off as it is. Most importantly, even if this Tobacco harm reduction product proves to be effective for only 25% of the smoking population, it could save millions of lives world-wide over the next ten years.
Barcelona, Spain: The first ever trial to compare e-cigarettes with nicotine patches has found that both methods result in comparable success in quitting, with roughly similar proportions of smokers who used either method remaining abstinent from smoking for six months after a 13 week course of patches or e-cigarettes.
1,347 vapers were surveyed in an effort to characterize e-cigarette use, users and effects. Results generally showed respondents found ecigarettes to be satisfying to use; cause few side effects; considered healthier than smoking, resulted in improve cough/breathing and lowered levels of craving. The survey was hosted at the University of East London.
Institute of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University of Catania. A study showing the use of e cigarettes substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers who had no intention to quit.
New York - De onderzoekers gebruikten gestandaardiseerde roken door een machine om bestanddelen van de e-sigaret damp te meten. The authors used standardized machine-puffing to measure constituents of e-cig vapor; they found nicotine, propylene glycol or glycerin, water, and flavors. Aerosol nicotine was 85 percent lower than cigarette smoke. You get out what you put in, and e-cigarettes have only a few chemicals, so there’s just not that much to breathe, either in or out. This study merely confirms the results others have noted many times before.
Yet another study shows absence of e-cigarette toxins. Een nieuwe studie gepubliceerd in The International Journal of Research and Public Health concludeert dat er geen noemenswaardige (lees: traceerbare) toxische of mutagene stoffen gevonden zijn in de damp van electronische sigaretten.
Onderzoek van stoffen die niet dampers binnenkrijgen wanneer andere mensen in een afgesloten kamer een e-sigaret gebruiken. Uit de gegevens van dit onderzoek blijkt dat door de uitgeademde e-sigaret aerosol, extra chemicaliën aanwezigin de lucht binnenshuis geenluchtkwaliteitprobleemvormen vooromstanders. Hetgemetenniveau wordt hierbij vergeleken met dewettelijke normendiewordengebruikt voorbinnenshuis en algemeneluchtkwaliteit.
In this study, the data suggest that any additional chemicals present in indoor air from the exhaled e-cigarette aerosol, are unlikely to present an air quality issue to bystanders at the levels measured when compared to the regulatory standards that are used for workplaces or general indoor air quality
Acute exposure to e-cigarette vapors does not seem to cause significant functional pulmonary alterations in healthy and asthmatic individuals. This study shows that a 1-h inhalation session of a high-grade and contaminant-free mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol using a commercially available e-cigarette performed in a controlled environment does not significantly impact pulmonary function or symptoms in both healthy and asthmatic subjects. This is consistent with Ferrari et al. and Flouris et al. The latter showed in healthy individuals that inhalation sessions of 5 or 30 min, respectively, had no significant effects on lung functions measured by spirometry.
This data supports the conclusions of Public Health England, the Chartered Institute for Environmental Health, Cancer Research UK and others that vaping indoors is unlikely to pose an air quality issue to bystanders and non-vapers. This study shows that e-cigarettes - similar to other consumer aerosol-based products - release liquid primary particles into the air that disappear extremely quickly," said Dr. Grant O'Connell, Vice President of Corporate and Regulatory Affairs, Fontem Ventures. "But importantly, this also tells us how fundamentally different exhaled e-cigarette particles are compared to those emitted by smoking conventional cigarettes, the latter of which are reported to linger in the air for long periods of time. By contrast, no accumulation of particles was registered in the room following e-cigarette use.
Strong differences were observed in the VOC composition of tobacco cigarette smoke and exhaled breath when comparing with those of e-cigarette smoking. The former involved transfers of a much larger burden of organic compounds into smokers, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene and other pollutants of general concern. e-Cigarettes led to strong absorptions of propylene glycol and glycerin in the users of these systems. Tobacco cigarettes were also those showing highest concentration differences between nicotine concentrations in smoke and exhaled breath. The results from disposable e-cigarettes were very similar to those from rechargeable e-cigarettes.
Passive exposure to electronic cigarette resulted in median salivary cotinine levels of 0.24ng/ml, While in the control group (no exposure to tobacco or electronic cigarette) it was 0.05ng/ml. In smokers, levels of salivary cotinine exceed 300ng/ml, especially in smokers of >20 cigarettes per day. Therefore, the level of cotinine in “passive vapers” is approximately 1200 times lower than active smokers. The same research group measured cotinine levels in smokers few years ago, finding 146ng/ml in smokers of 15 cigarettes per day. This is 610 times higher than the levels in “passive vapers”. Since cotinine is directly associated with the total amount of daily nicotine intake, and assuming that smokers of 15 cigarettes per day get 15mg of nicotine and show 146ng/ml cotinine levels, we can calculate that passive vaping leads to daily nicotine intake of 0.025mg. Such a levels is not only harmless but has absolutely no biological effect, even according to the strictest regulatory definitions.
Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. Analysis of the smoke from conventional cigarettes showed that the mainstream cigarette smoke delivered approximately 1500 times more harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) tested when compared to e-cigarette aerosol or to puffing room air.
systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. There was no evidence of potential for exposures of e-cigarette users to contaminants that are associated with risk to health at a level that would warrant attention if it were an involuntary workplace exposures.
The e-cigarette does not create side-stream smoke. Exhaled breath after e-smoking contains even less nicotine per puff, as much of the nicotine inhaled is absorbed. Similarly, propylene glycol is largely absorbed and little is exhaled. Propylene glycol is harmless. No increase in CO was found. No harm found in e-cigarette mist. Nicotine is not harmful in the quantities mentioned.
03.3 Onderzoek gezondheid
Zwangerschap : Public Health England, Stopping smoking in pregnancy -
women will choose to use e-cigarettes during their pregnancy or may be already using e-cigarettes when they become pregnant.
If a pregnant woman chooses to use an e-cigarette or has already stopped smoking with the use of an e-cigarette and feels that it helps her to stay smokefree, she should not be discouraged from doing.
Britse Heart Foundation is voorzichtig positief over het gebruik van E-sigaretten: “Emerging evidence suggests that electronic cigarettes cause significantly less harm than smoking tobacco products, and can be useful as a smoking cessation aid.”
The international team of researchers led by Newcastle University, analysed the bacteria of tobacco smokers, users of e-cigarettes and non-smokers from samples throughout the digestive tract, including in the mouth and gut. Significant changes were found in the gut bacteria of the smokers, with an increase in the Prevotella bacteria which is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer and colitis. There was also a decrease in the presence of Bacteroides in smokers, a beneficial bacteria or probiotic. A lower level of Bacteroides has been associated with Crohn's disease and obesity. In contrast, the gut flora of those using e-cigarettes was the same as a non-smoker. https://peerj.com/articles/4693/ Lees ook : http://www.stoprokenvandaag.nl/e-sigaret/e-sigaret-gebruikers-en-rokers-gezonde-darmflora-newcastle-university/
Onderzoek uit 1942. Atmospheres containing propylene glycol vapor are invisible, odorless, and non-irritating. This glycol is essentially non-toxic when given orally and intravenously. Concentrations of 1 gm. of propylene glycol vapor in two to four million cc. of air produced immediate and complete sterilization of air into which pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, H. influenzae, and other microorganisms as well as influenza virus had been sprayed. With lesser concentrations of propylene glycol, rapid and marked reduction in the number of air-borne bacteria occurred, but complete sterilization of the air required a certain interval of time. Pronounced effects on both pneumococci and hemolytic streptococci were observed when concentrations as low as 1 gm. of glycol to fifty million cc. of air were employed.
Gepubliceerd in The Journal of Pharmacology With a view to determining the safety of employing the vapors of propylene glycol and triethylene glycol in atmospheres inhabited by human beings, monkeys and rats were exposed continuously to high concentrations of these vapors for periods of 12 to 18 months. Equal numbers of control animals were maintained under physically similar conditions. Comparative observations on the growth rates, blood counts, urine examinations, kidney function tests, fertility and general condition of the test and control groups, exhibited no essential differences between them with the exception that the rats in the glycol atmospheres exhibited consistently higher weight gains. Some drying of the skin of the monkeys' faces occurred after several months continuous exposure to a heavy fog of triethylene glycol. However, when the vapor concentration was maintained just below saturation by means of the glycostat this effect did not occur. Examination at autopsy likewise failed to reveal any differences between the animals kept in glycolized air and those living in the ordinary room atmosphere. Extensive histological study of the lungs was made to ascertain whether the glycol had produced any generalized or local irritation. None was found. The kidneys, liver, spleen and bone marrow also were normal. Bekijk ook: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+57-55-6 LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Monkeys and rats /exposed/ to atmospheres saturated with propylene glycol vapor .../experienced/ no adverse effects .. after periods of 12-18 months. No adverse effects were noted, and there were no increases in tumor incidences in rats fed diets containing up to 5% propylene glycol for two years. http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/home.html#home LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a continuous-exposure inhalation study, rats were exposed to 0.17-0.35 mg/L propylene glycol for 18 months and a chronic toxicity lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.35 mg/L was established based on a 50% increase in body weight. There were no other effects observed in treated animals in this study.
Yet another study shows absence of e-cigarette toxins. Een nieuwe studie gepubliceerd in The International Journal of Research and Public Health concludeert dat er geen noemenswaardige (lees: traceerbare) toxische of mutagene stoffen gevonden zijn in de damp van electronische sigaretten.
[Electronic cigarette use and harm reversal emerging evidence in the lung] Verschillende studies geven aan dat rokers die overstappen op e-sigaretten een onmiddellijke verbetering van hun luchtwegklachten en longfunctie. De gerapporteerde verbeteringen van de luchtwegen bij patiënten die elektronische sigaret gebruikers zijn geworden zijn in overeenstemming met de bevindingen van een grote internet-enquête van de reguliere EG-gebruikers gediagnosticeerd met astma en COPD. Een verbetering van de symptomen van astma en COPD werd gemeld bij 65,4% en 75,7% van de respondenten.
Het onderzoek is te vinden op : E-cigarettes versus nicotine patches for perioperative smoking cessation: a pilot randomized trial. De onderzoekers vinden E-sigaretten een haalbaar hulpmiddel voor perioperatieve stoppen met roken bij veteranen. Het is vergelijkbaar met nicotinepleister. De Spirometrie longmetingen lijken 8-weken na het starten van het gebruik e-sigaretten te zijn verbeterd in vergelijking met nicotinepleisters. Een verklaring hiervoor kan zijn dat in de E-sigaretten groep de vermindering van het roken groter was, en mogelijk als gevolg van een slechtere basislijn spirometrie.
This systematic review appraises existing laboratory and clinical research on the potential risks from electronic cigarette use, compared with the well-established devastating effects of smoking tobacco cigarettes. Currently available evidence indicates that electronic cigarettes are by far a less harmful alternative to smoking and significant health benefits are expected in smokers who switch from tobacco to electronic cigarettes.
Scenario 1 : twee e-sigaret gebruikers (dampers) die 1 uur rijden in een ongeventileerde, afgesloten en kleine auto met kind op de achterbank. Deze dampers nemen allebei om de 2 minuten 1 hijs van hun damper en dat dus gedurende een uur, elk 30 hijsjes. (Ik heb in de praktijk nog nooit iemand meegemaakt die in dusdanig hoog tempo achter elkaar hijst aan een e-sigaret)
Er wordt dus geen rekening mee gehouden dat:
één van de dampers de auto bestuurt, en dit echt niet kan zonder regelmatig een hijs te moeten ‘overslaan’; En eigenlijk achter elkaar door dampen voor een bestuurder al helemaal niet realistisch is.
in dit scenario de dampproductie in een kleine ongeventileerde ruimte dusdanige zal zijn, dat men eerder door een mist van damp binnen in de auto, ergens tegen aan botst dan dat men het kind eventuele vermoedelijke schade toebrengt door het blootstellen aan uitgeademde damp.
Dit scenario herhaalt zich 7 dagen per week, waarbij het kind dus dagelijks een uur lang wordt blootgesteld aan de uitgeademde damp van twee stevig doordampende dampers in een kleine, afgesloten ongeventileerde auto.
En als je verder leest, dan blijkt dat ondanks deze extreme omstandigheden, er qua"gevaar" er weinig dreigends te vinden is in de omgevingslucht in deze auto. Zelfs door keuze voor dampvloeistof waar wat stofjes in zaten die bedenkelijke zouden kunnen zijn (wat zelden voorkomt bij andere merken en smaken van dampvloeistof), kan ken niet zo ver komen te stellen dat er echt ernstige dingen gebeuren.
Propane -1,2-diolPropane-1,2-diol is, among many other uses, commonly used to produce artificial smoke with generators in theatres, discotheques, emergency trainings or is used as a liquid forvaporisa-tion in electronic cigarettes. The substance does currently not have an entry in Annex VI to CLP. RAC did not agree to the proposal by Germany to classify the substance as respiratory irritant(STOT SE 3; H335)
These studies allowed us to conclude that PG aerosol generated with the capillary aerosol generator could be administered safely in man, with an adequate margin of safety needed to conduct "first-time-in-man" human exposure studies.
No Fire, No Smoke – the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 -
The GSTHR report maps for the first time the global, regional and national availability and use of SNP, the regulatory responses to these products, and the public health potential of tobacco harm reduction.
Heel erg totaal informatief stuk over nicotine en alles daar omheen. It isn’t the stuff that can cause serious illness and death from cancer, lung, and heart disease. Those culprits are the tar and toxic gases that are released from burning tobacco when you smoke.
Nicotine has no association with cancer. There is no supportable evidence to link nicotine with cancer, and a vast amount of evidence (and irrefutable facts) that there is no such link. The UK national clinical guidance authority, NICE, have made this very clear in their official guidance to doctors.
“Findings suggest there may be little benefit in reducing nicotine e-liquid concentration since this appears to result in higher e-liquid consumption which may incur both a financial and health cost.” It’s a shame the EU rules (based on older devices) set a maximum of 20mg/ml.
A new study published online ahead of print in the American Journal of Medicine reports that there is no association between vaping and cardiovascular disease among never smokers.
Er worden geen giftige metalen uitgestoten door E-sigaretten. Dat is de uitkomst van een onderzoek uitgevoerd door de bekende artsen en onderzoekers Konstantinos Farsalinos en Brad Rodu.
Bij gebruikers die 3½ jaar werden gevolgd, vonden we geen afname van spirometrische indices, ontwikkeling van respiratoire symptomen, veranderingen in markers van longontsteking in uitgeademde lucht of bevindingen van vroege longschade op HRCT. Zelfs de zwaarste Esigaret gebruikers vertoonden geen enkel bewijs van opkomend longletsel zoals weerspiegeld in deze fysiologische, klinische of inflammatoire onderzoeken. Bovendien werden geen veranderingen in bloeddruk of hartslag genoteerd. Aangezien de Esigaret gebruikers die we hebben bestudeerd nooit rokers waren, konden potentiële verstoringen door inhalatie van verbrandingsproducten van tabak worden voorkomen. Onderzoek : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14043-2
We all agree that e-cigarettes are significantly less harmful than smoking. One in two lifelong smokers dies from their addiction. All of the evidence suggests that the health risks posed by e-cigarettes are relatively small by comparison.
PG (Propylene Glycol) is de meest gebruikte basisstof in de E-sigaret, wordt al jarenlang gebruikt in voedsel, medicijnen, creme´s en make up artikelen. PC is ook al zo´n 40 jaar of langer wetenschappelijk onderzocht. Ook wordt het gebruikt in inhalers voor mensen met longziekten, als drager voor medicijnen. Het opmerkelijkste is nog dat het gebruikt wordt in kinderziekenhuizen. Het veroorzaakt daar namelijk een daling in infecties. PG heeft geen schadelijke gevolgen voor het menselijk lichaam. Sommige mensen zijn gevoelig voor PG, en kunnen kleine irritaties aan ogen of luchtwegen krijgen. Die ophouden zodra ze niet meer in aanraking komen met PG.
Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up -
Results: Complete data were available from 44 patients. Compared to baseline in the EC-user group, there was a marked decline in the use of conventional cigarettes. Although there was no change in lung function, significant improvements in COPD exacerbation rates, CAT scores, and 6MWD were observed consistently in the EC user group over the 3-year period (p<0.01). Similar findings were noted in COPD EC users who also smoked conventional cigarettes (“dual users”).
Conclusion: The present study suggests that EC use may ameliorate objective and subjective COPD outcomes and that the benefits gained may persist long-term. EC use may reverse some of the harm resulting from tobacco smoking in COPD patients.
Het onderzoek is te lezen in het Wiley’s Obstetrics and Gynaecology journal : Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study Een Iers onderzoek toont aan dat het geboortegewicht van baby’s van zwangere vrouwen die volledig zijn overgeschakeld van roken naar e-sigaretten gebruiken, vergelijkbaar is met dat van niet-rokers. En dat was aanzienlijk hoger dan het gemiddelde gewicht van de baby’s van rokende moeders.
Bij e-sigaretten wordt een enkele keer bij normaal gebruik dus ook formaldehyde gemeten. Meestal is dat erg weinig of nauwelijks meer dan zich in de omgevingslucht bevindt.
Bij verkeerd gebruik (oververhitting van de e-sigaret) kan er formaldehyde ontstaan. Een stof die in kleine hoeveelheden overal voorkomt. Maar in grotere hoeveelheden kankerverwekkend kan zijn.
Formaldehyde komt OVERAL vandaan. En wordt door het metabolisme van elk organisme geproduceerd. Ook komt het bijvoorbeeld vrij bij het koken van een (vegetarische) maaltijd. Maar ook door verdamping uit meubels en bouwmaterialen.
Er zijn testen gedaan met levende proefpersonen die in een afgesloten ruimte dampen en daar is formaldehyde e.d. gevonden, in vergelijkbare hoeveelheden als een niet-roker-damper uitademt. Het is namelijk zo dat mensen van nature uit CO, formaldehyde en nog een heleboel toxische producten uitademen. Onderzoek 2017 : E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions Conclusie : In realistic conditions, formaldehyde in e-cigarettes is lower than cigarette smoke. En komen alleen voor in zogenaamde "Dry puffs", waarbij de vloeistofkoeling door niet op tijd bijvullen is ontstaan.
An international expert panel convened by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs developed a multi-criteria decision analysis model of the relative importance of different types of harm related to the use of nicotine-containing products. The group scored all the products on each criterion for their average harm worldwide. Interpretation: Cigarettes are the nicotine product causing by far the most harm to users and others in the world today. Attempts to switch to non-combusted sources of nicotine should be encouraged as the harms from these products are much lower.
Researchers at Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center evaluated the effects of electronic cigarette use on the maximal ability of the coronary arteries to supply with blood and oxygen the heart itself. They recruited 60 participants, 30 smokers and 30 electronic cigarette users. Measurement of maximal coronary blood flow was performed in smokers before and after smoking 2 cigarettes and, on a separate day, after using an electronic cigarette with 18mg/ml nicotine concentration for 15 minutes. In electronic cigarette users, coronary circulation was evaluated before and after using the same electronic cigarette device for 15 minutes. After smoking 2 cigarettes, the researchers observed a 16% reduction in maximal coronary blood flow and a 19% elevation in resistance to flow. However, after electronic cigarette use, no difference in coronary blood flow and resistance was observed compared to the baseline measurement. “The results are impressive and indicate that, unlike tobacco, electronic cigarette use does not affect the oxygenation of the heart”
Samengevat komt het er op neer dat die stijfheid een tijdelijk effect is, en dat zelfde effect ontstaat na een kop koffie drinken en veel andere dingen die we doen zoals het kijken naar een spannende film. En heeft geen schadelijke gevolgen op de lange termijn. Blood vessels need to be elastic in order to properly deliver blood from the heart to the vital organs. It is well-known that one of the main adverse effects of smoking is acute stiffening of the blood vessels. Researchers from Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center in Greece recruited 108 healthy subjects (51 smokers and 57 electronic cigarette users). All participants were evaluated at baseline, after smoking and vaping abstinence for 8 hours. Smokers were asked to smoke 2 tobacco cigarettes and use an 18mg/ml nicotine-containing electronic cigarette for 10 minutes on 2 separate days; electronic cigarette users were evaluated after 10 minutes of electronic cigarette use. Subjects were evaluated 20 minutes after use, by echocardiographic measurement of 3 elasticity parameters of the aorta. Smoking 2 tobacco cigarettes caused significant stiffening of the aorta; all measured parameters showed a 17-22% worsening of elastic properties. On the contrary, both in smokers and electronic cigarette users, no difference was observed after electronic cigarette use. The results are important because aortic elasticity is a significant predictor of future cardiovascular events. Watching a suspense movie also increases aortic stiffness, but no one would argue that watching a movie has cardiovascular effects that are "as bad as smoking, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251872
Infants born to women who used NRT for smoking cessation in pregnancy were more likely to have unimpaired development. Baby's van vrouwen die NRT (nicotine pleisters) gebruikt voor het stoppen met roken tijdens de zwangerschaphadden meer kans omongeschondenontwikkeling van hun baby. Deze vrouwen werden vergeleken met een groep die gestopt waren met roken en een placebo kregen en persoonlijke begeleiding. Opmerkelijk is dus hierbij dat nicotine pleisters gebruiken dus een positieve invloed had, vergeleken bij geen nicotine gebruiken.
Van E-sigaret gebruikers die 3 jaar of langer e-sigaretten gebruiken, meldde 96% een verbeterde gezondheid vanaf het moment van overstappen van roken naar e-sigaret. 62% meldde dat gezondheidsproblemen die door roken ontstaan waren, verdwenen na overstap op e-sigaretten. Gebruikers die nooit gerookt hadden, kregen bleven gezond en ontwikkelden geen klachten-
“Our findings demonstrated that high temperature e-cigarette vehicle vaporization does not alter micro- and macro-vascular function, and oxidative stress, and that these effects are solely attributable to nicotine.”
Deze studie (okt 2017) uitgevoerd door William E. Stephens, Van de St Andrews universiteit – Schotland, UK, vergelijkt damp van E-sigaretten en damp van Heat Not Burn apparaten zoals de iQOS met tabaksrook. Hij concludeerde : -> De meeste E-sigaretanalyses geven aan dat de kans dat de E-sigaretdamp kankerverwekkend is minder dan 1% vergeleken met tabaksrook -> Bij de Heat-not-Burn is de kans dat de damp kankerverwekkend is minder dan 10% vergeleken bij tabak roken. Wel was er een minderheid van analyses hogere potenties aangeeft.
In deze studie, worden in vitrode cytotoxiciteit, mutageniteit, genotoxiciteit en ontstekingsreacties van bepaalde commerciële e-sigaretten onderzocht en vergeleken met brandbare tabaksigaretten, rookloze tabak (SLT) producten en een nicotinevervangende therapie (NRT ) product. De onderhavige bevindingen wijzen erop dat noch de e-sigaret vloeistoffen of noch de extracten van de SLT en NRT produceren toxische effecten produceren in deze vitro testsystemen. Terwijl de sigarettenrook preparaten bij vergelijkbare blootstelling sterk cytotoxische en genotoxische zijn.
The study concludes that regular ECs use may aid smokers with arterial hypertension reduce or abstain from cigarette smoking, with only trivial post-cessation weight gain. This resulted in improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as better blood pressure control. De studie concludeert dat regelmatig e-sigaret gebruik rokers met arteriële hypertensie (=voortdurenden hoge bloeddruk) kan helpen deze te verlagen of door zich te onthouden van het roken van sigaretten, met slechts triviale post-stopzetting gewichtstoename. Dit resulteerde in verbetering van de systolische en diastolische bloeddruk en een betere gecontroleerde bloeddruk.
Biomarkers van tabaksverbranding daalden tot vergelijkbare niveaus in zowel E-sigaretten gebruikergroep als - als in de nicotinekauwgum groep. Dus wat gezondheid betreft een tot een vergelijkbaar niveau. Geen verschil tussen de NRT en e-sigaret groepen (alleen nicotine was hoger in de e-sigaret groep maar dat is te verklaren door de hogere dosis nicotine in de vloeistof)
In multivariable analyses adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and poverty levels, current or former e-cigarette use failed to reach a statistical significance in the association with metals. However, participants with a smoking history were more likely to have higher blood lead and urinary cadmium than participants who neither used e-cigarettes nor cigarettes. --- In multivariabele analyses gecorrigeerd voor geslacht, ras / etniciteit, leeftijd en armoedeniveau, bereikte het huidige of voormalige gebruik van e-sigaretten geen statistische significantie in de associatie met metalen. Deelnemers met een rokers-achtergrond hadden echter meer kans op een hoger loodgehalte in het bloed en cadmium in de urine dan deelnemers die geen e-sigaretten of sigaretten gebruikten.
In this study, the data suggest that any additional chemicals present in indoor air from the exhaled e-cigarette aerosol, are unlikely to present an air quality issue to bystanders at the levels measured when compared to the regulatory standards that are used for workplaces or general indoor air quality
The addictiveness of nicotine depends on the delivery system.
It is possible that the addictiveness of tobacco cigarettes may be enhanced by compounds in the smoke other than nicotine.
It is not yet clear how addictive e-cigarettes are, or could be, relative to tobacco cigarettes.
long-term use of nicotine by ‘snus’ (a low nitrosamine form of smokeless tobacco) users has not been found to increase the risk of serious health problems in adults, and use of nicotine replacement therapy by pregnant smokers has not been found to increase risk to the foetus.
One assessment of the published data on emissions from cigarettes and e-cigarettes calculated the lifetime cancer risks. It concluded that the cancer potencies of e-cigarettes were largely under 0.5% of the risk of smoking.
Comparative risks of cardiovascular disease and lung disease have not been quantified but are likely to be also substantially below the risks of smoking. Among e-cigarette users, 2 studies of biomarker data for acrolein, a potent respiratory irritant, found levels consistent with non-smoking levels.
There have been some studies with adolescents suggesting respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette experimenters. However, small scale or uncontrolled switching studies from smoking to vaping have demonstrated some respiratory improvements.
E-cigarettes can release aldehydes if e-liquids are overheated, but the overheating generates an aversive taste.
To date, there is no clear evidence that specific flavourings pose health risks but there are suggestions that inhalation of some could be a source of preventable risks.
To date, the levels of metals identified in e-cigarette aerosol do not give rise to any significant safety concerns, but metal emissions, however small, are unnecessary.
Biomarkers of exposure assessed to date are consistent with significant reductions in harmful constituents and for a few biomarkers assessed in this chapter, similar levels to smokers abstaining from smoking or non-smokers were observed.
To date, there have been no identified health risks of passive vaping to bystanders.
Reporting of some academic studies has been misleading.
Metingen van elektronische sigaret-gegenereerde deeltjes voor de evaluatie van longkankerrisico's van actieve en passieve gebruikers De overeenkomstige ELCR-waarde van de E-sigaret-aerosol is lager dan die van traditionele sigarettenrook, en ook lager dan de richtwaarden die zijn gedefinieerd door EPA en WHO. Het teveel aan levensbedreigende kankerrisico van E-sigaret gebruik is meer dan 100 keer lager dan de EPA & FDA-richtlijnen die de absolute veiligheid afbakenen. Helemaal veilig word gedefinieerd als 1 uit 1 miljoen risico. Bij E-sigaretten is dat kleiner dan 1 : 100 miljoen De potentiële kankerverwekkende effecten als gevolg van het inhaleren van door de E-sigaretten gegenereerde aerosolen werden geëvalueerd met behulp van een Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) -model dat rekening houdt met inademen van zowel submicron als super-micron deeltjes, (verwijzend naar naar het deeltjesoppervlak). Er werd geëvalueerd alleen door de aerosol op 300 ° C te verwarmen. Door E-sigaretten gegenereerde deeltjes (zowel met als zonder nicotine) werden vergeleken met bekende gegevens over toxische verbindingen. Ook werd rekening gehouden met typerend rookgedrag van mannelijke en vrouwelijke Italiaanse e-sigaret gebruikers in overweging genomen.
“replacement of conventional cigarette by nicotine-containing e-cig resulted in reduced central and brachial SBP, arterial wave reflections, and oxidative stress within 1 month, likely because of the reduction of the smoked conventional cigarettes”
CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant differences in terms of total prevalence of OMLs between former smokers and ECs consumers. An increased prevalence of three specific types of OMLs was detected among ECs consumers.
Toxicoloog Bernard Michael Mayer , Karl-Franzens University in Oostenrijk : Slechte reputatie van de e-sigaret "schandaal" E-sigaretten zijn weinig schadelijk voor de gezondheid, zegt de onderzoeker en Oostenrijkse toxikoloog Bernhard-Michael Mayer van de Karl-Franzens-Universität. Hij noemt dit een politiek gezondheidsschandaal. Lees meer in dit artikel E-Zigaretten seien weniger gesundheitsschädlich, als ihnen nachgesagt wird, behauptet der Grazer Toxikologe Bernhard-Michael Mayer von der Karl-Franzens-Universität: Er ortet einen „gesundheitspolitischen Skandal“.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that ECs use may aid smokers with COPD reduce their cigarette consumption or remain abstinent, which results in marked improvements in annual exacerbation rate as well as subjective and objective COPD outcomes. (exacerbatie = toename van symptomen bij patiënten met COPD)
E-cigarette vapour is much less harmful to lung cells than cigarette smoke. Lab tests show that, unlike tobacco smoke, which causes oxidative stress and cell death, e-cigarette vapour does not. Oxidative stress and cell death are driving factors in the development of many smoking-related diseases such as COPD and lung cancer.
Smokers invited to switch to electronic cigarettes who completely abstained from smoking showed steady progressive improvements in their FEF25-75% Normalization of peripheral airways function was associated with improvement in respiratory symptoms, adding to the notion that abstaining from smoking can reverse tobacco harm in the lung. Conclusie: rokers die overstapten op elektrische sigaretten bij longmetingen. Ook kortademigheid en hoesten verdwenen of werd minder. Dit laatste was zelfs zo bij mensen die niet volledig maar gedeeltelijk hun sigaretgebruik omgezet hadden in e-sigaret gebruik.
Those who switch completely to e-cigarettes may reduce their cancer risk, says Roswell Park/UCSF research team. A study led by researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) reports that nicotine exposure remains the same, while exposure to specific carcinogens and toxicants is reduced, among smokers who switch from tobacco cigarettes to electronic cigarettes. Rokersdie overschakelen ope-sigaretten, enblootgesteld worden aanhetzelfde nicotine niveau, hebben lagere niveaus kankerverwekkende stoffen en lager niveaus van andere ziekmakende stoffen in hun lichaam. Vergelijkbaar met rokers die gestopt zijn met roken Rokers die volledig overschakelen op e-sigaretten kunnen hun risico op kanker te verminderen, zegt het Roswell Park/UCSF onderzoeksteam.
CONCLUSIONS: Smokers invited to switch to electronic cigarettes who completely abstained from smoking showed steady progressive improvements in their exhaled breath measurements and symptoms scores. FeNo and eCO normalization is highly supportive of improved respiratory health outcomes and add to the notion that quitting from tobacco smoking can reverse harm in the lung. CONCLUSIES: Rokers die over schakelden naar elektronische sigaretten en totaal niet meer tabak rookten vertoonden snel toenemende verbeteringen bij hun uitgeademde lucht metingen en symptomen scores. De metingen ondersteunen dat de overstappers een betere respiratoire gezondheidsresultaten hebben en geven de indruk dat stoppen van tabak roken de schade in de longen kan verminderen.
Conclusions, The use of e-cigarettes as a substitute for conventional cigarettes is likely to reduce immediate tobacco-related harm, at least with respect to cardiovascular harms. Het gebruik van e-sigaretten als vervaning voor conventionele sigaretten zal onmiddellijke tabak-gerelateerde schade beperken, althans met betrekking tot schade aan hart- en bloedvaten.
When we assessed those with high blood pressure at baseline (high-normal or higher, as defined by the European Society of Cardiology), we observed a statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in those with continuous reduction in smoking consumption (>50% reduction) and in those who had quit smoking with the use of e-cigarettes. Of note, the reduction in blood pressure was evident even after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender and weight gain. Both smoking reduction and abstinence were associated with blood pressure reductions, with stronger association observed in those with smoking abstinence. Download full text study
The e-cigarette will never be totally safe: it is not a product for non-smoker.
The emissions of e-cigarette contain no tar and <1% nitrosamines of tobacco smoke.
Aldehydes in emission are <10% tobacco smoke, but may increase in case of misuse.
A total replacement of tobacco by e-cigarette offers a dramatic decrease of risk.
e-cigarette has to be considered by practitioner in patients with cancer who continue to smoke.
The emission of e-cigarette does not content solids particles, carbon monoxide. Nitrosamine content is hundred times lower than in tobacco smoke. e-cigarette emission in normal use do not content any harmful product at significant level except nicotine. If e-cigarette will never be a safe product and will never be a product for non-smoker, for smoker e-cigarette is more than 20 times less dangerous than cigarette and most of tobacco cessation specialists in countries were nicotine containing e-cigarettes are available provide counselling for e-cigarette use to stop to smoke or to reduce smoking at the request of patients. Bertrand Dautzenberg, Daniel Garelik
Health Effects and Demographics of Electronic Cigarette Users. A Comparison of Health Events in Previous Smokers With Three or more years of Electronic Cigarette Experience Conclusion: Electronic cigarettes have a dramatic and positive effect on the health of those who are able to switch from cigarettes. This can have a tremendous social and economic impact if their use becomes wide spread as a substitute for cigarettes. There does not appear to be a significant health impact to never smokers who initiate use, although data is limited in this survey.
Under normal vaping conditions, EC toxicology is by far less problematic than tobacco cigarette toxicology and there are beneficial effects associated with regular EC use, particularly in respiratory patients, will improve information exchange between physicians and their respiratory patients using or intending to use ECs. Unfortunately, the public's view of ECs is far from being clear with a great deal of ambiguity around the product and its intended use. Moreover, health-care professionals themselves do not seem to use an evidence-based approach when it comes to informing respiratory patients about ECs and many advise against their use. Evidence-based advice about ECs is provided here with the goal of improving counseling between physicians and their respiratory patients using or intending to use ECs. Regular EC use is unlikely to raise significant health concerns and can lead to health improvement in the respiratory patient who makes the switch from tobacco smoking. - Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania
Six hours of exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke resulted in near-complete cell death. But the same exposure to e-cigarette vapour did not affect the tissue viability.
This review begins to tell us, mostly from observational and survey data, that EC’s are less likely to induce nicotine dependence, less likely to be carcinogenic, and may help those who are trying to quit traditional cigarettes.
Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. Analysis of the smoke from conventional cigarettes showed that the mainstream cigarette smoke delivered approximately 1500 times more harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) tested when compared to e-cigarette aerosol or to puffing room air.
systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. There was no evidence of potential for exposures of e-cigarette users to contaminants that are associated with risk to health at a level that would warrant attention if it were an involuntary workplace exposures.
The e-cigarette does not create side-stream smoke. Exhaled breath after e-smoking contains even less nicotine per puff, as much of the nicotine inhaled is absorbed. Similarly, propylene glycol is largely absorbed and little is exhaled. Propylene glycol is harmless. No increase in CO was found. No harm found in e-cigarette mist. Nicotine is not harmful in the quantities mentioned.
The strongest throat hit was obtained by using better-quality models and liquids with high nicotine content. The strength of the throat hit was also associated with ratings of dependence on e-cigarettes, and with the perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes to relieve craving for tobacco and to facilitate smoking cessation. All the variables assessing satisfaction with e-cigarettes were associated with a stronger throat hit. From a public health perspective, there is a trade-off between e-cigarette models that provide high levels of nicotine, a strong throat hit, high satisfaction, and more effects on smoking, but may also be addictive.
New York - De onderzoekers gebruikten gestandaardiseerde roken door een machine om bestanddelen van de e-sigaret damp te meten. The authors used standardized machine-puffing to measure constituents of e-cig vapor; they found nicotine, propylene glycol or glycerin, water, and flavors. Aerosol nicotine was 85 percent lower than cigarette smoke. You get out what you put in, and e-cigarettes have only a few chemicals, so there’s just not that much to breathe, either in or out. This study merely confirms the results others have noted many times before.
Niet-rokende tieners tonen een zeer lage interesse in het gebruik van e-sigaretten, zelfs wanneer deze aangeboden worden met een verscheidenheid aan smaken als: framboos, kauwgom , gombeertjes??, en vanillebonen, volgens een studie online gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Nicotine & Tobacco Research.
Electronic Cigarette Prevalence and Patterns of Use in Adults with a History of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States -
Nationale studie over Amerikaanse rokers met hart- en vaatziekten vindt dat e-sigaretten worden gebruikt om met roken te stoppen. Personen met hart- en vaatziekten die onlangs gestopt waren met roken of een recente stoppoging meldden, gebruikten significant vaker e-sigaretten dan huidige rokers en mensen die geen stoppoging rapporteerden. Onze bevindingen kunnen erop wijzen dat deze mensen e-sigaretten gebruiken als hulpmiddel bij stoppen met roken.
De huidige studie suggereert dat mensen met een hart- en vaatziekte elektronische sigaretten kunnen gebruiken als hulpmiddel bij het stoppen met roken, wat de noodzaak van onderzoek naar de cardiovasculaire gezondheidseffecten van elektronische sigaretten onderstreept.
Conclusions: Our investigation suggests that CO exerts pharmacological effects, which may modulate craving processes associated with cigarette withdrawal, and exploration for the role of CO and other cigarette smoke constituents is warranted.
Electronic cigarettes tested in this study proved to be sources for propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine, carbonyls and aerosol particulates. The extent of exposure differs significantly for active and passive ‘vapers’ (users of electronic cigarettes)
A digital Library of Tobacco Documents University of California, San Francisco -
The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (LTDL) contains more than 14 million documents (80+ million pages) created by major tobacco companies related to their advertising, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and scientific research activities.
Laws prohibiting the sales of tobacco to minors in Europe do not appear to be associated with a reduction in adolescent smoking rates, but lower the perceived obtainability of cigarettes irrespective of their socio-economic position. Wetgeving die de verkoop van tabak aan minderjarigen in Europa beperkt lijkt niet te worden geassocieerd met een verlaging van het aantal adolescent die roken, maar lager de waargenomen verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten, ongeacht hun sociaal-economische positie. Echter, werden de omzet beperkingen geassocieerd met een significant grotere afname in ervaren van het gemak verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten in landen waar dergelijke wetgeving ingevoerd is.
Conclusions Our findings indicate that bitterness and harshness, most likely from nicotine, have negative impacts on the liking of e-cigarettes, but the addition of flavourants that elicit sweetness or coolness generally improves liking. The results suggest that flavours play an important role in e-cigarette preference and most likely use. Conclusie is dat smaak bij dampvloeistof, er smaakstoffen een belangrijke rol spelen bij voorkeur en gebruik. Uit dit onderzoek bleek dat zoete smaak het meest gewaardeerd werd.
CONCLUSIONS: Over the period 2003-2015, in Norway, which has a mature snus market, even though smoking has declined and the relative size of the category of never-smokers among male users of snus has increased, the majority of snus users are still former or current smokers. In de periode 2004-2015 bleek dat Snus gebruikers hoofdzakelijk (voormalige) rokers waren.
Strong differences were observed in the VOC composition of tobacco cigarette smoke and exhaled breath when comparing with those of e-cigarette smoking. The former involved transfers of a much larger burden of organic compounds into smokers, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene and other pollutants of general concern. e-Cigarettes led to strong absorptions of propylene glycol and glycerin in the users of these systems. Tobacco cigarettes were also those showing highest concentration differences between nicotine concentrations in smoke and exhaled breath. The results from disposable e-cigarettes were very similar to those from rechargeable e-cigarettes.
Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology Eerste keer gebruik en huidig gebruik bij studenten Doel : Onderzoek onder studenten. Het gebruik van verschillende nicotine-bevattende producten werd onderzocht, op een campus waar tabaksgebruik verboden was. Er werd onderzocht of het eerste product dat een student probeert latere gebruik van tabak kan voorspellen. Conclusie : Eén van de conclusies was dat elektrische sigaretten wel vaker behoorde tot de producten die uitgeprobeerd werden door jongeren. Maar dat het gebruik daarvan niet werd doorgezet in dagelijks dan wel niet dagelijks gebruik. Dit in tegenstelling tot sigaretten en andere tabaksproducten.
Electronic cigarettes (EC): review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. From internet based surveys, outcomes found the most popular e-liquids had a nicotine content of 18 mg/ml. The most popular flavors were tobacco, mint and fruit. These users reported that e-cigarettes consistently helped them quit conventional cigarettes (rates ranged from 42–99%) or to reduce their use (60–86%). Users felt e-cigarettes were less addictive than cigarettes, and time from waking to nicotine use was longer for those users than for cigarette smokers. Cravings were also reduced according to the studies as only 18% reported that they craved the electronic version as much as tobacco.
ASH Smokefree Youth survey Toont (opnieuw) aan dat er weinig jongeren echt met elektrische sigaretten beginnen. • 80 % van de jongeren kent het fenomeen van het dampen, maar 91 % van deze jongeren heeft nog geen dampwaren geprobeerd. • Slechts 1.8 % van de jongeren kan men rekenen tot reguliere gebruikers. Daarvan is 90 % al roker of een roker geweest.
Onderzoek over de toevoegingen in tabak sigaretten. Deze toevoegingen zijn er hoofdzakelijk op gericht om mensen meer verslaafd te maken. Dat is de reden waarom een tabakssigaret heel erg verslavend is. Terwijl nicotine ingenomen zonder dergelijke toevoegingen veel minder verslavend is.
Research: Nicotine is the major neuroactive compound of tobacco, but according to this 2005 paper; on its own it has weak reinforcing (addictive) properties. It appears other compounds found in tobacco smoke when combined with nicotine produce the intense reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking that lead to addiction."
Edith Schippers is een opmerkelijke minister van Volksgezondheid. Ze wordt door de rooklobby beschouwd als een trouwe bondgenoot. Vooraanstaande artsen spreken met afschuw over haar rookbeleid. Waarom is een minister van Volksgezondheid zo aardig voor de sigaret? Roken is nog steeds doodsoorzaak nummer één. Zembla onderzoekt de motieven van minister Schippers en de banden tussen rooklobby en politiek.
Honderdtwintig gezondheidswerkers, waaronder artsen, longartsen, tabacologen, verslavingsdeskundigen en oncologen, hebben woensdag een oproep gedaan voor vermindering van de risico's van roken door het ondersteunen van de elektronische sigaret.
Today’s new figures indicate UK smoking is falling faster than would be expected from conventional tobacco control approaches. While all the policies put in place will have made a difference, the most likely explanation for the recent rapid decline is the increasing use by smokers of electronic cigarettes as a substitute for tobacco. Data released by ASH last month estimated that there are now 1.5m people in the UK who used to smoke but now instead use electronic cigarettes.
According to the latest statistics from the World Health Organization, there has been a small but steady decrease in the estimated number of smokers globally since 2000 - from 1.14 billion then to about 1.1 billion now. But it's a different matter when it comes to vaping. The number of vapers has been increasing rapidly - from about seven million in 2011 to 35 million in 2016. Market research group Euromonitor estimates that the number of adults who vape will reach almost 55 million by 2021.
McNeill is a Professor of Tobacco Addiction in the National Addiction Centre that is located at King’s College London. She is also the current Deputy Director of the UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, a consortium of 13 independent UK universities dedicated to the research and development of addiction cessation alternatives. In an article published in the upcoming issue of Annals of Family Medicine, McNeill recounts the harm that tobacco addiction can cause a smoker while building a case for why vaping should be considered by doctors as a safe pathway for smoking cessation. McNeill’s conclusion that vaping will help save lives.
Positieve info over dampen in de New York times -
It seems pretty obvious that the decline in cigarette smoking has largely been caused by the rising popularity of e-cigarettes. As for the notion that e-cigarettes will inevitably lead teenagers to take up real cigarettes, no one has ever produced any evidence of this so-called “gateway” effect. It appears that rather than serving as a gateway toward cigarette smoking, e-cigarettes may actually be acting as a diversion away from cigarettes,” wrote Michael Siegel, a professor at Boston University School of Public Health, on his anti-tobacco blog. “This is actually a good thing.”
Source for science links and news stories , Bron voor verwijzingen naar wetenschappelijk onderzoek en nieuwsberichten
Ministers plan to wipe out smoking by 2030, leaked government paper reveals -
he crackdown will reportedly include a pledge to get all smokers to ditch the habit entirely or make the shift to e-cigarettes within the next 11 years, while tobacco firms could be forced to foot the bill for stop-smoking services rather than relying on cash-strapped local health services.
Maakt Heatstick IQOS nicotine inname minder schadelijk? onderzoek en feiten -
De iQOS Heatstick wordt ook wel eens een e-sigaret genoemd, maar is dat niet. De iqos bevat tabak en is minder schadelijk dan sigaretten roken. Die tabak is omringd door oplosmiddelen en dit geheel wordt verhit tot zodat er damp afkomt die je kunt inhaleren. De temperatuur van verhitten is veel lager dan bij een verbrandingsproces.
Is New Zealand ready for consumer-driven quit smoking programmes? -
Now we have a situation where half of young 18 to 28 year old smokers in a recent survey by the Health Promotion Agency said they wanted to use electronic cigarettes — or vaping — for their next quit attempt.
E-cigarettes save lives -
I understand why anti-smoking activists so distrust vaping. I'm one of them. But the evidence is clear. / Een goed geschreven stuk door Derek Yach, directeur van Vitality Institute, voorheen Hoofd tobacco control bij de WHO
Tussen tabak en e-sigaret zit wel degelijk een groot verschil, namelijk wel of geen schadelijke verbrandingsproducten en de (fatale) gevolgen daarvan voor de gebruiker “The dosage of nicotine normally absorbed by smokers is just a transmitter, or a psycho-stimulant. Nicotine doesn’t cause cancer. Nicotine doesn’t cause lung disease. Nicotine doesn’t cause serious cardiovascular problem. What causes these problems is the [chemicals arising from] combustion. So you need to quit combustion, not to quit tobacco nicotine.” “It’s never been shown that this is going to cause an increase in smoking prevalence… 30-50% of kids have a risk-seeking profile. That’s normal. But the large picture is not the few kids that are trying e-cigarettes, the large picture is billion of smokers that need a safer alternative,” the professor added.
Lees meer over dit onderzoek : http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/08/23/ntr.ntw194 Over 70% of the more than 560 physicians who participated in the written survey indicated that e-cigs can help patients reduce or eliminate smoking, and nearly half said that they believe e-cigs can reduce risk. Physicians are less likely to recommend e-cigs as a way to quit smoking.
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has been criticized for its “obsessive and paranoid secrecy” in its refusal to allow representation from tobacco-related companies at its biannual tobacco control meeting currently taking place in New Delhi
In this extended (13 minute) film, experts take a deeper look at the evidence on some of the issues that surround the use of e-cigarettes - including the safety of e-liquids and vapour, secondhand vaping, the 'gateway' theory, and the safety of vaping relative to smoking.
This is the second of a series of five NCSCT films for the public, part-funded by Public Health England and produced in association with the New Nicotine Alliance.
Professor Killeen has studied tobacco addiction and one of the questions he asks is this: Why is tobacco addictive, but nicotine not? Killeen said. “What causes the tremendously addicting power of cigarettes is the drug cocktail of nicotine,” he said, not nicotine itself.
The Vape Book -
Grote en zeer informatieve Liquid DIY site, met veel recepten en linkverwijzingen.
In statistics, the correlation coefficient r measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables on a scatterplot. The value of r is always between +1 and –1. To interpret its value, see which of the following values your correlation r is closest to: Exactly –1. A perfect downhill (negative) linear relationship –0.70. A strong downhill (negative) linear relationship –0.50. A moderate downhill (negative) relationship –0.30. A weak downhill (negative) linear relationship 0. No linear relationship +0.30. A weak uphill (positive) linear relationship +0.50. A moderate uphill (positive) relationship +0.70. A strong uphill (positive) linear relationship Exactly +1. A perfect uphill (positive) linear relationship
A new lawsuit alleges that Stanton Glantz, a UC San Francisco scientist famous for taking on Big Tobacco, sexually harassed a former researcher and stole credit for her work.
Video Fabeltjes van Glanz over mobiele telefoons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IphRBvPpx7Y CSF antitabaksonderzoeken staan onder leiding van Stanton Glantz Stanton Glantz is o.a. bekend van het zogenaamde "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". meer bekender geworden junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). Beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians in The Times. Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science. Helena miracle : http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html --------------------------------------- Twitter : Stanton Glantz is bekend van het "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". Junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). In The Times beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians. http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science --------------------------------------- Ook The Lancent zegt dat hij niet objectief is https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(16)30024-8/fulltext The Times : Those figures you read in the newspaper were pretty convincing, right? Think again. Here are some classic idiocies : https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-worst-junk-stats-of-2007-dsb37vhxhsq
National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training UK
Maakt Heatstick IQOS nicotine inname minder schadelijk? onderzoek en feiten -
De iQOS Heatstick wordt ook wel eens een e-sigaret genoemd, maar is dat niet. De iqos bevat tabak en is minder schadelijk dan sigaretten roken. Die tabak is omringd door oplosmiddelen en dit geheel wordt verhit tot zodat er damp afkomt die je kunt inhaleren. De temperatuur van verhitten is veel lager dan bij een verbrandingsproces.
Video en artikel over de leugens en de totaal onzinnige argumenten die gebruikt worden om aan te tonen dat E-sigaret bedrijven reclame op kinderen zouden richten. En daarmee de belangen van de tabaksindustrie beschermt. De tabaksindustrie heeft maar een klein deeltje van de e-sigaret markt. De tabaksindustrie is bang voor de E-sigaret als grootste concurrent van tabak. De tabak sponsort veel gezondheidsinstantie en stoproken groepen. Die daardoor vaak gecorrumpeerd zijn door het grote geld. En laten juist instanties die de e-sigaret als effectief rookstopmiddel zouden moeten bevorderen, voor hun tabak beschermende karretje spannen. Lees ook dit artikel: capitalresearch.org/2016/10/e-cigs-and-joe-camel
New peer-reviewed research published in Drugs Education Prevention and Policy shows that e-cigarettes are not increasing the likelihood of tobacco consumption and may in fact be contributing to negative perceptions about smoking among young people.
US: In summary, the oft-cited teen vaping epidemic involves not three million youths, but rather 95,000 underage teens who vaped frequently but never used other tobacco products – or 0.6% of the nation’s 14.8 million high school students.
Well-intentioned public health measures do not always protect public health. Premature or poorly constructed regulation of e-cigarettes may compromise smoking-reduction efforts and (as research suggests) advance the interests of tobacco companies.
Linda Bauld speaking on young people and reduced risk products at the Global Forum on Nicotine, Warsaw, 2015 (Linda Bauld voert o.a. wetenschappelijke onderzoeken uit voor het Britse Kanker Onderzoeks Instituut.)
Vaping very low among young teens and no gateway -
Press Release New Zealand. New research shows record few Year 10 students in New Zealand are smoking, while vaping by 14 and 15-year olds remains equally low and is falling. (Year 10 students = 4e klas middelbare school)
Bron: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Toename e-sigaretten heeft afname rokers als effect bij adolecenten in de VS De afname van rokers valt vooral op wanneer je 2011 vergelijkt met 2014 en e-sigaretten naast de brandbare tabaksproducten zet als sigaretten, sigaren en pijp.
CONCLUSION: The annual doubling of e-cigarette experimentation and regular use rates has been associated with a decrease in the consumption of tobacco and other products. These data should provide some reassurance against fears that e-cigarette use among young people will provide a significant gateway to tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIE: De jaarlijks verdubbeling van e-sigaret experimenten en regelmatig gebruik is geassocieerd met een daling van het gebruik van tabak en andere producten. Deze gegevens moeten een geruststelling tegen de angst dat e-sigaret gebruik onder jongeren een belangrijk startpunt is tot het roken van tabak. Er zijn geen indicaties dat de e-sigaret aanzet tot het beginnen met roken
Niet-rokende tieners tonen een zeer lage interesse in het gebruik van e-sigaretten, zelfs wanneer deze aangeboden worden met een verscheidenheid aan smaken als: framboos, kauwgom , gombeertjes??, en vanillebonen, volgens een studie online gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Nicotine & Tobacco Research.
A cohort survey conducted between 2010 and 2014 by the French Observatory of Drugs and Addictions (OFDT) [1] in the framework of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) France shows an overall increase of drug experimentation among middle school students (11-15 year old). The data collected do not demonstrate that it may constitute a gateway to smoking, since smoking rates have declined in the meantime among teenagers.
Onderzoek met vreemde conclusie. Het onderzoek betreft jongeren en e-sigaretten. In de volledige studie is als resultaat te lezen dat de belangrijkste twee redenen voor gebruik e-sigaret jongeren is : Stoppen met tabak roken en je de e-sigaret is op meer plekken toegestaan dan tabak. Alle andere redenen waren niet significant, en dus niet van belang. Het rare is dat in de conclusie die daarna komt, geen wetenschappelijke maar politieke uitspraken komen die niet door het onderzoek ondersteund zijn. Wat er op neer komt is dat de onderzoekers beweren dat de de maatregelen om elektrische sigaret gebruik bij jongeren te verminderen, ze verboden moeten worden, en duurder gemaakt door hoger te belasten. Vreemd: jongeren stoppen met roken met e-sigaret, maar conclusie is ze verbieden??? Lees ook de kritiek op dit onderzoek, dit zegt onder andere : In dit onderzoek is niet meegenomen dat 60% van de jongeren GEEN nicotine gebruikt in hun e-sigaretten. (dat bleek uit eerder onderzoek) Nicotine in e-sigaretten is alleen handig wanneer je stopt met roken. De auteurs lijken niet bewust van de mogelijke onbedoelde gevolgen van hun politieke ideeën. Bijvoorbeeld het verhogen van de kosten van de e-sigaretten kan veroorzaken bestaande gebruikers terugvallen naar tabak roken, of dat de prikkel om over te schakelen van tabak roken naar het veel gezondere e-sigaret gebruik zal afnemen.
Some of the anti-vaping lobby say this is a stepping stone to get a new generation addicted tobacco cigarettes. But a new data set from NIDA blows a major hole in this hypothesis. According to NIDA, more than 60 percent of 15-18 year olds vaped just flavorings with zero nicotine last time they used an e-cigarette. Just 20 percent said they used e-cigarettes containing nicotine.
Synthetic control analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence teen smoking rates. These bans yield a statistically significant 1.0 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Next, I examine survey data on cigarette and e-cigarette use, separating teens by estimated propensity to smoke in the absence of e-cigarettes. Among those with the highest propensity to smoke, ecigarette use increased most while cigarette use declined: a 1.0 percentage point rise in ever use of e-cigarettes yields a 0.65 percentage point drop in this subgroup’s current smoking rate. Both sets of results indicate a harm reducing effect of e-cigarettes on adolescent cigarette smoking, at least prior to 2014.
Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat e-sigaret gebruik nog steeds ongebruikelijk is bij jongeren en dat jongeren vooral hoofdzakelijk e-sigaretten een enkele keer uitproberen. En dat regelmatig E-sigaret gebruik veel minder vaak gedaan wordt door jongeren die nooit hebben gerookt (0,1%). Lees meer hierover op deze website : Met e-sigaret experimenterende jongeren geeft geen frequent gebruik en geen opstap naar tabak roken
Stuk geschreven door Colin Mendelsohn geplaatst het Australische doktors scholing portaal. Hij concludeert uit diverse grote onderzoeken die wereldwijd gedaan zijn, dat van een gateway van jongeren van experimenteren en gebruik van e-sigarette, geen sprake is. Juist eerder is de tendens dat er minder jongeren tabak gaan roken. Colin Mendelsohn is an associate professor in the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at the University of New South Wales.
Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA. Conclusions: Data from the NYTS do not support claims of a new epidemic of nicotine addiction stemming from use of e-cigarettes, nor concerns that declines in youth tobacco addiction stand to be reversed after years of progress. Among current e-cigarette users who had never tried tobacco products, responses consistently pointed to minimal dependence.
Uit nieuw onderzoek door ASH blijkt dat regelmatig e-sigaret gebruikt nog steeds zeldzaam is onder jongeren, en dat jongeren vooral experimenteren. Ze denken niet dat het er "cool" uitziet. Het aantal jongeren die vaker e-sigaretten gebruikt is heel klein: 0,1% gebruikt vaker dan 1x per week. Experimenterende jongeren proberen dus een e-sigaret een paar maal uit, en gaan niet over tot regelmatig gebruik. Uit andere onderzoeken weten we dat experimenterende jongeren dit meestal doen met een e-sigaret zonder nicotine. (In Britain young people vape just to give it a try, not because they think it’s “cool”)
Uit het grootste onderzoek ooit gehouden onder Britse 11- tot 16-jarigen blijkt dat jongeren die experimenten met e-sigaretten niet over gaan naar regelmatig gebruik van e-sigaretten. Niet rokende tieners gaan niet regelmatig e-sigaretten gebruiken. En het aantal jongeren dat rookt daalt. Deze studie is gedaan door een samenwerking van experts uit de Britse gezondheidszorg. Deze samenwerking bestond uit onderzoekers van het UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Public Health England, Action on Smoking and Health, en “the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement” van de Cardiff universiteit. De studie is gepubliceerd in “the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health”.
Amerikaan onderzoek onder 19-23 jarige jong volwassenen waar onderzoekers van drie verschillende universiteiten aan meewerkten. Conclusie: Er is geen toename in het aantal rokers. Er is wel toename van e-sigaret gebruik, doordat zware rokers de e-sigaret als rookstopmiddel gebruiken.
Conclusies van dit onderzoek: "Het gebruik van e-sigaretten komt hoofdzakelijke voor bij rokende adolescenten. Frequent gebruik van e-sigaretten is zeldzaam (0.3%) bij adolescenten die niet roken. E-sigaretten worden het meest gebruikt door niet-rokers, wat kort en experimenteel gebruik betreft. Regelmatig gebruik gebeurt bijna uitsluitend bij rokers. De resultaten lijken veel op die in het Verenigd Koninkrijk." Analysis of youth vaping in US National Youth Tobacco Survey -Frequent ecigarette use (>20 in last 30d) in non-smoking adolescents rare: 0.3% -Most use by non-smokers brief and experimental -Regular use almost exclusively in smokers Results very similar to UK and very reassuring
Laws prohibiting the sales of tobacco to minors in Europe do not appear to be associated with a reduction in adolescent smoking rates, but lower the perceived obtainability of cigarettes irrespective of their socio-economic position. Wetgeving die de verkoop van tabak aan minderjarigen in Europa beperkt lijkt niet te worden geassocieerd met een verlaging van het aantal adolescent die roken, maar lager de waargenomen verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten, ongeacht hun sociaal-economische positie. Echter, werden de omzet beperkingen geassocieerd met een significant grotere afname in ervaren van het gemak verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten in landen waar dergelijke wetgeving ingevoerd is.
Niet-rokende jongeren die experimenteren met e-sigaretten en die daarna regelmatige gebruikers van e-sigaretten worden, zijn uiterst zeldzaam. Het meeste e-sigaret gebruik bij niet-rokers is zeldzaam en is experimenteel. Dit maakt het onwaarschijnlijk dat e-sigaretten een opstap zijn voor jongeren naar roken. Er is geen reden om aan te nemen dat het gebruik van e-sigaret het gebruik van tabak verhoogt bij adolescenten.
For the third year running the survey shows there is no link between youths vaping and starting smoking tobacco. Of the young people who reported using both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes at some point, 90% had used tobacco first. Voor het derde opeenvolgende jaar toont het onderzoek aan dat er geen verband is tussen jongeren die e-sigaretten gebruiken en het starten met tabak roken. Jongeren gebruiken de e-sigaret om te stoppen met roken, dan wel minder te gaan roken. Lees ook het artikel op deze website : onderzoek jongeren e-sigaretten geen gateway naar roken
Onderzoek gepubliceerd in het Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire, uitgegeven door het agentschap Volksgezondheid Frankrijk. De conclusie is dat e-sigaretten geen opstap naar tabak roken zijn, maar daarentegen als middel voor het stoppen met roken worden gebruikt.
France: A 200,000-participant survey to blow away the gateway to smoking hypothesis?
Vaporizer use is slightly more frequent among ex-smokers;
Dual use is twice as frequent as vaping;
Vaping prevalence is similar for men and women and decreases with age;
Dual users report the lowest prevalence of Very good-Good self-rated health and the highest depressiveness prevalence
There is a clear gradient in e-cigarette use according to the number of pack-years of tobacco smoking,
Trends over one year show that no e-cigarette exclusive user had become a smoker one year later.
“These preliminary results on e-cigarette do not suggest gateway effect to tobacco smoking“, write the authors and they add that the results “rather suggest that it is used for smoking cessation“
Among the students who had ever used e-cigarettes, two-thirds used the device where a non-nicotine ingredient was used. A team of the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, tracked the responses of nearly 15,000 students who took part in a 2015 U.S. nationwide survey. Among the students who had ever used e-cigarettes, two-thirds used a device where non-nicotine ingredient was used. Nicotine was used by 13 percent of 8th graders, 20 percent of 10th graders, and 22 percent of 12th graders. More than 3,800 of the students -- who were in grades 8, 10 and 12 -- said they had used e-cigarettes at some point. Of those who had used e-cigarettes within the past month, more than 1,700 had done so at least once; nearly 1,100 had done so up to five times; and more than 600 had done so more than half a dozen times.
E-cigarettes are acting as a roadblock to smoking for young people, according to a study from the Centre for Substance Use Research. Using qualitative interviews with people aged 16 to 25 in England and Scotland, most of those surveyed said e-cigarettes reduced the possibility of them and other people smoking. “In fact, the majority we interviewed, including those who were vaping, perceived smoking in very negative terms and saw vaping as being entirely different to smoking.” E-sigaretten werken als een wegversperring bij roken voor jongeren, volgens een studie van het onderzoekscentrum Centre for Substance Use Research. In interviews met jonge mensen van 16 tot 25 jaar in Engeland en Schotland, vertelde het merendeel van de ondervraagden dat e-sigaretten de kans verkleinde dat ze zouden gaan roken. "In feite vindt de meerderheid van de geinterviewden, ook de e-sigaret gebruikers, roken zeer negatief en zij vonden het gebruik van e-sigareten als iets totaal anders dan roken."
The World Lung Foundation has this week come under significant pressure to explain its recent criticism of electronic cigarettes. Using what it describes as a “key study” the foundation came to the conclusion that electronic cigarettes are a gateway to tobacco products.
It appears that the so-called key study was in fact based upon statements from a small group of 16 and 17-year-olds in one area of Scotland. Indeed the claim that electronic cigarettes are a gateway to tobacco products seems to have been based upon the comments of just one student. Quite how the World Lung Foundation was able to disseminate one comment to prove a point is a mystery.
The fact is we have seen numerous studies over the last few years which perfectly demonstrate how electronic cigarettes are not a gateway to tobacco products.
Yale School of Public Health - How does Electronic Cigarette Access affect Adolescent Smoking? Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans.
Regelmatig gebruik van e-sigaretten door jongeren is zeldzaam. En de jongeren die ze gebruiken zijn hoofdzakelijk ex-rokers. (NO evidence that electronic cigarettes are a gateway to smoking for young people)
Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology Eerste keer gebruik en huidig gebruik bij studenten Doel : Onderzoek onder studenten. Het gebruik van verschillende nicotine-bevattende producten werd onderzocht, op een campus waar tabaksgebruik verboden was. Er werd onderzocht of het eerste product dat een student probeert latere gebruik van tabak kan voorspellen. Conclusie : Eén van de conclusies was dat elektrische sigaretten wel vaker behoorde tot de producten die uitgeprobeerd werden door jongeren. Maar dat het gebruik daarvan niet werd doorgezet in dagelijks dan wel niet dagelijks gebruik. Dit in tegenstelling tot sigaretten en andere tabaksproducten.
ASH Smokefree Youth survey Toont (opnieuw) aan dat er weinig jongeren echt met elektrische sigaretten beginnen. • 80 % van de jongeren kent het fenomeen van het dampen, maar 91 % van deze jongeren heeft nog geen dampwaren geprobeerd. • Slechts 1.8 % van de jongeren kan men rekenen tot reguliere gebruikers. Daarvan is 90 % al roker of een roker geweest.
90% van de regelmatige gebruikers en af en toe e-sigaret- gebruikers, zijn jonge mensen die al roken of gerookt hebben. Het onderzoek toont aan dat 98% van de kinderen die nog nooit gerookt hebben, zelfs nooit een e-sigaret hebben geprobeerd.
(12-21 jaar) De meeste jongeren die zeggen wel eens een e-sigaret te hebben geprobeerd, zijn al rokers. Het percentage jongeren dat gestopt is met roken (12%) is twee keer zo groot bij e-sigaret gebruikers dan bij rokende jongeren die nooit een e-sigaret heeft gebruikt (6%).
De EU wetgeving is vreemd, in strijd met wetenschappelijk onderzoek, en een aantal belangrijke regels werken contraproductief op het feitelijke doel (doel is veiligheid)
Vapers In Power exists to uphold the right of smokers and ex-smokers to practise harm reduction using all types of ecigs including technically-advanced devices and generation one “cig-a-likes”.
TWES = Tijdelijk warenwetbesluit elektronische sigaret. Nederland heeft dit als braafste jongetje van de klas in februari 2014 deze wet ingevoerd als voorloper van de in 2016 in te voeren EU regelingen, de TPD. Dit zijn vrij strenge reguleringen voor de elektrische sigaret. Deze voor het grootste deel onlogische en soms zelfs contraproductieve regelingen, die hoofdzakelijke zijn gebaseerd op veronderstellingen en onderbuikgevoelens. StopRokenVandaag is van mening dat regelingen gebaseerd moeten zijn op wetenschappelijk onderzoek.
Increase the number of people who fail to switch, resulting in an unknown, but greater than zero, number of avoidable deaths. Given that smoking is estimated to result in the premature death of 1 in 2 smokers, this is likely to be a very significant number.
Increase the risk of vaping by an unknown amount, resulting in an unknown, but greater than zero, number of avoidable deaths. This is unlikely to be a significant number, but there is some uncertainty, especially if some of the worst (both in terms of reliability and relative risk) estimates are correct. Even allowing for this, it will be dwarfed by the number of failed switchers for the foreseeable future.
Not reduce the number of deaths occurring in the EU due to accidental oral or dermal exposure, since it is already zero. (It cannot reduce the number of global deaths, since these have all occurred under different regulatory systems). It may prevent an increase in the number of deaths, but given the currently available strengths, and number of users, it is implausible to think that the number will ever be significant.
The only way in which this limit can reduce the overall number of avoidable deaths is if e-cigarette use does not offer any health gains compared with continuing to smoke.
On this basis, it is utterly inexplicable why anyone within Public Health would seek to defend this limit.
Nederland is verplicht om de voorschriften uit de richtlijn uiterlijk 20 mei 2016 in te voeren. Met de consultatieprocedure wordt het concept voorgelegd van de Tabaks- en rookwarenregeling, die onderdelen van deze richtlijn implementeert.
The results of the consultation were decisive. Of the 7500 respondents, when asked if electronic cigarettes and refill containers should be subject to excise duties, nearly 90% said no. The EU should embrace vaping products as a seismic public health opportunity. Given the public health consensus on the relative safety of vaping products in comparison with combustible tobacco products,
Registration to conduct sales to the Netherlands from abroad - Registration form for cross-border distance sales of tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, or refill containers. De TPD schrijft voor dat een EU shop zich registreert in het land van herkomst EN het land van aankomst van de goederen. Tot er een beslissing hebben gewoon mogen blijven verkopen in NL.
Reacties Regeling houdende wijziging van de Tabaks- en rookwarenregeling -
Met deze consultatie worden nadere technische voorschriften over de wijze waarop de rookwaren aan het zicht moeten worden onttrokken voorgelegd. Ook worden technische voorschriften voorgelegd over de elektronische sigaretten zonder nicotine (EZN), over verpakkingen van tabaksproducten om deze minder aantrekkelijk te maken en over de verplichte kennisgeving door producenten bij gewijzigde en nieuwe rookwaren.
Reacties van organisaties en particulieren gegeven op de internetconsultatie rookwarenbesluit van de overheid.
Reacties Besluit houdende wijziging van het Tabaks- en rookwarenbesluit -
In deze AMvB wordt voorgesteld om het uitstalverbod per 1 januari 2020 van kracht te doen zijn voor supermarkten en om speciaalzaken die uitsluitend rookwaren en rookaccessoires verkopen hiervan uit te zonderen. Voor alle andere verkooppunten van rookwaren wordt een tijdelijke uitzondering tot 2022 voorgesteld. Nadere technische voorschriften worden in een wijziging van de Tabaks- en rookwarenregeling opgenomen die tegelijkertijd met deze AMvB ter consultatie wordt voorgelegd.
Naast een aantal zeer onduidelijke regels zijn er ook regels in opgenomen die het mogelijk maken de E-sigaret in haar huidige hoedanigheid te kunnen verbieden.
Businesses who intend to trade in countries where the sales confirmation, registration website or contact details are yet to be confirmed (TBC) are advised to contact the national authorities before commencing supply.
Een inhoudelijk goede internet consultatie die ingaat op artikel 20 TPD, met veel links naar onderzoeken die de nadelen voor rokers die willen stoppen, van de tpd art. 20 aantonen.
The pending regulation for electronic cigarettes seems to be a characteristic example of applying theory on top of real evidence. There has been an astonishing effort to mis-present science, misinform regulators and the society by distorting the results of scientific studies and eventually kill a product which will probably revolutionize tobacco harm reduction
The Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (TVPA) became law on May 23, 2018. Adults can now legally get vaping products with nicotine as a less harmful option than smoking.
Laws prohibiting the sales of tobacco to minors in Europe do not appear to be associated with a reduction in adolescent smoking rates, but lower the perceived obtainability of cigarettes irrespective of their socio-economic position. Wetgeving die de verkoop van tabak aan minderjarigen in Europa beperkt lijkt niet te worden geassocieerd met een verlaging van het aantal adolescent die roken, maar lager de waargenomen verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten, ongeacht hun sociaal-economische positie. Echter, werden de omzet beperkingen geassocieerd met een significant grotere afname in ervaren van het gemak verkrijgbaarheid van sigaretten in landen waar dergelijke wetgeving ingevoerd is.
Onderzoek van stoffen die niet dampers binnenkrijgen wanneer andere mensen in een afgesloten kamer een e-sigaret gebruiken. Uit de gegevens van dit onderzoek blijkt dat door de uitgeademde e-sigaret aerosol, extra chemicaliën aanwezigin de lucht binnenshuis geenluchtkwaliteitprobleemvormen vooromstanders. Hetgemetenniveau wordt hierbij vergeleken met dewettelijke normendiewordengebruikt voorbinnenshuis en algemeneluchtkwaliteit.
By Dr Farsalinos ; In conclusion, the levels of nicotine absorbed from “passive vaping” are not only harmless but do not even produce any biological effect (not even heart rate acceleration). Considering the possibility that allowing e-cigarette use in public places may motivate smokers to switch to e-cigarette use, there is no scientific basis for any bans on e-cigarette use in public places
Passive exposure to electronic cigarette resulted in median salivary cotinine levels of 0.24ng/ml, While in the control group (no exposure to tobacco or electronic cigarette) it was 0.05ng/ml. In smokers, levels of salivary cotinine exceed 300ng/ml, especially in smokers of >20 cigarettes per day. Therefore, the level of cotinine in “passive vapers” is approximately 1200 times lower than active smokers. The same research group measured cotinine levels in smokers few years ago, finding 146ng/ml in smokers of 15 cigarettes per day. This is 610 times higher than the levels in “passive vapers”. Since cotinine is directly associated with the total amount of daily nicotine intake, and assuming that smokers of 15 cigarettes per day get 15mg of nicotine and show 146ng/ml cotinine levels, we can calculate that passive vaping leads to daily nicotine intake of 0.025mg. Such a levels is not only harmless but has absolutely no biological effect, even according to the strictest regulatory definitions.
10. Diacetyl
Toxipedia - Diacetyl een stofje dat soms in sigaretten en e-sigaretten zit -
Diacetyl komt ook voor in lage concentraties in koffie, azijn, honing en fruit, zuivel. Maar ook in sigaretten en sommige dampvloeistoffen. Meestal dampvloeistoffen die een boterachtige smaak hebben, een smaak die diacetyl kan geven. Diacetyl kan ongezond zijn wanneer het vrij geconcentreerd en langdurig regelmatig ingeademd wordt. Het kan een chronische longziekte veroorzaken. Deze ziekte is hoofdzakelijk gesignaleerd bij medewerkers in fabrieken die werken met smaakstoffen voor de voedselindustrie. Voordat bekend was dat dit gevaarlijk was, en er nog geen veiligheidsmaatregelen waren in die fabrieken voor het continue inademen van deze stoffen.
Er is kritiek op de tijdsduur en tussenpozen waarmee de e-sigaretten getest zijn. Daarnaast werden alle e-sigaretten hellemaal drooggerookt. De testmachine ging door, totdat men met het blote ook kon waarnemen dat er geen damp meer geproduceerd werd. Dit zijn geen methoden zoals elektrische sigaretten gebruikt worden in de praktijk. Daarnaast kan op deze methode oververhitting ontstaan, waarmee de gemeten resultaten vervuild kunnen zijn. De onderzoekers verklaren niet waarom van sommige merken twee elektrische sigaretten getest zijn, terwijl van andere alleen een enkele. De onderzoekers praten hoofdzakelijk over gemiddeld gemeten waarden. Ze proberen niet te verklaren waarom de gevonden waarden zo ver uit elkaar liggen. Zelfs bij dezelfde smaak liggen dergelijke waarden soms ver uit elkaar. (Er werd geen acetoin gevonden in één Pina Colada proef, maar in andere proeven werd 17, 46 and 130 microgram gevonden)
(De hoogste waarde is gevonden bij perzik schnapps. En is in verhouding buitenproportioneel hoog. Terwijl je niet een botersmaak verwacht hier. Dit roept de vraag op hoe of waarom zoveel botersmaakstoffen hierin beland zijn)
De onderzoekers verklaren verschillen in uitkomst doordat ze met het blote oog controleerden of de e-sigaret in de testkamer volledig opgebruikt was.
(Pardon, dan kun je toch niet meer over gestandaardiseerd onderzoek praten?)
Deze tabel gaat over het diacetyl onderzoek die een samenvatting is van de in het onderzoek geregistreerde gegevens
En dan zie je dat eigenlijk maar één smaakstof echt een probleem geeft. En waarbij je je nog kunt afvragen of die meting klopt omdat perzik schnapps vermoedelijk toch ver weg ligt van een botersmaak. (uitleg: sommige "boter/vanille"-achtige smaken gaven eerder een hoger dyacetyl gehalte. Dergelijke smaken werden vaak gemengd om gebaksmaakjes te maken . Er is en werd gezocht naar vervangende boterachtige smakende stoffen). ===> Het is gewoon een totaal niet kloppend onderzoek : ==> De onderzoekers verklaren verschillen in uitkomst doordat ze met het blote oog controleerden of de e-sigaret in de testkamer volledig opgebruikt was. -->Als het niet zo erg was dat dit als serieus onderzoek in het nieuws komt, dan zou ik hier heel erg hard om lachen. Of er van uit gaan dat een stel scholieren voor het eerst aan een experimenteren gezet zouden zijn.
Allen used a custom lab device “that drew air through the e-cigarette for eight seconds at a time with a resting period of 15 or 30 second [sic] between each draw. Eight seconds was chosen to make certain that each draw had adequate time for the entire contents to be forced out of the smoking device and through the sampling media…The samples were collected until the e-cigarette cartridges or cartomizers were exhausted, determined by the lack of visible emissions in the chamber.” (emphasis mine) In other words, the researchers used an aggressive procedure that vaped the samples dry. Each “puff” was eight seconds long – an unrealistic length of time that could have produced higher-than-normal temperatures, combustion and smoke.
This is significant because at least two previous studies by Fujioka and Shibamoto (here) and Pierce et al. (here) found that cigarette smoke contains both DA and AP. Pierce reported that the smoke of a single cigarette has up to 1,037 micrograms of DA and 165 micrograms of AP. She noted that DA is approved as a cigarette tobacco additive in Germany and the UK, and AP is also permitted in the UK. However, according to Pierce, this “strongly suggests that pyrolysis products of tobacco and other cigarette components comprise a substantial fraction of the [DA] and [AP] concentrations in mainstream smoke.” If the Allen e-cigarette methodology generated smoke, their results could have been compromised.
Another quirk of the Allen study was the resampling of “several of the same flavors from the same package (ie, testing two e-cigarette cartridges from the same pack)” for six of the flavors in the table at left. It is troubling that the researchers failed to adequately explain why they ran these extra samples on only some products.
More importantly, they didn’t offer a valid explanation for a wide divergence in values. The researchers found no acetoin in one Pina Colada sample, but it was present in other samples at 17, 46 and 130 micrograms. One Classic sample had no detectable acetoin, while another had 38 micrograms. Allen suggested that these differences might be due to “variable chemical doses.”
That explanation would be questionable if the sampled products were produced by major manufacturers with tight quality control systems, which seems to be the case here.
While, inexplicably, the Harvard researchers did not identify the e-cigarette aerosol brands under study, the brands can be inferred from the data. They are likely:
A – Mark Ten B – Vuse C – blu D – NJOY E – White Cloud F – South Beach Smoke G – Volcano H – Tasty Vapor I – Unknown Since Pina Colada is a blu e-cigarette from Lorillard, and Classic is a Mark Ten product from Altria, ingredients can be expected to be highly consistent among samples taken “from the same pack”, as was done in this study.
Allen and colleagues also suggested that variability could be related to the fact the researchers “relied on a visual determination of emissions of the e-cigarette in the chamber” to determine that the e-cigarette was “fully spent.” A maxim in toxicology is to use methods that have been validated for the products and agents under investigation. Eyeballing a stop point is not a validated method.
As I advised previously, vapers should only use liquids that are certified to be free of buttery flavors that are suspected respiratory toxicants. However, laboratory investigations of e-cigarettes should use validated methods to assure credibility. The results of the Harvard Buttery Flavor Study do not meet this standard.
The popcorn factory workers affected were only a very small group out of the entire factory (8 workers were diagnosed with popcorn lung), and they were breathing Diacetyl in a POWDERED form 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week...for years. This is radically different from diketone exposure from vaping, which makes it extremely difficult to try and compare the two. So what about the liquids tested? If you're willing to dive deep down into the study results find the actual levels detected in each liquid, all of the highest offenders are products developed, marketed, distributed, and sold by Big Tobacco. The highest reading in the study, that 239 micrograms? It's theirs. Highest level found in any of the liquids NOT made by a Big Tobacco company? Less than 40 micrograms. De ondergrens van eerder vast gesteld schadelijk niveau (25ppm diacetyl, 100ppm 2,3-pentanedione). De dosis waar die arbeiders in de popcorn fabriek aan bloot werden gesteld, de hoogste waarde gemeten was boven de 1000ppm (parts per million). Dr. Siegel vond dat de hoeveelheid diacetyl die men in Havard vond 750 maal lager dan tabak roken. Cancer REsearch UK : MYTH BUSTER: Many smokers worry that switching to e-cigarettes may cause ‘popcorn lung.’ But the chemical thought to be responsible for the disease is banned in the EU
In the study, Allen et al. found that the average diacetyl content of the products tested was 9.0 micrograms per e-cigarette cartridge. Assuming that a vaper uses one cartridge per day, the average daily inhaled dose of diacetyl associated with vaping is therefore 9.0 micrograms.
Fujioka and Shibamoto conducted a study to measure the diacetyl exposure from active smoking. They found that the average diacetyl content of the cigarettes tested was 335.9 micrograms per cigarette. Assuming that a smoker consumes one pack per day (20 cigarettes), the average daily inhaled does of diacetyl associated with smoking is therefore 6718 micrograms.
Average inhaled daily diacetyl dose associated with smoking vs. vaping Vaping: 9 micrograms Smoking: 6718 micrograms
Daily exposure to diacetyl from smoking is therefore 750 times higher, on average, than exposure to diacetyl from vaping.
Maximum inhaled daily diacetyl dose associated with smoking vs. vaping Vaping: 239 micrograms Smoking: 20340 micrograms (see Pierce et al., 2014)
Thus, the "worst" e-cigarette tested produces diacetyl exposure that is 85 times lower than that of the "worst" cigarette tested.
Despite the much higher levels of diacetyl in tobacco smoke than in e-cigarette vapor, smoking has not been associated with "popcorn lung.
Harvard onderzoek vindt diacetyl en Acetoin in damp van diverse smaken dampvloeistof (niet bij alle smaken). De gevonden hoeveelheid is 10 tot 100 maal minder dan in rook van tabak. Maar het beste is deze stoffen totaal te vermijden in dampvloeistof. Diacetyl wordt gebruikt als een boterachtige smaakstof, bijvoorbeeld bij koek- en gebaksmaken. Bij erg jarenlang gebruik kunnen deze stoffen chronische longziekten veroorzaken bij mensen die er gevoelig voor zijn.
Confused about diacetyl? You should be -
Naar aanleiding van de commotie over de veel te hoge concentraties diacetyl (DA) en acetyl propionyl (AP) die zijn aangetroffen in de meeste liquids van Five Pawns, heeft Oliver Kershaw - de eigenaar van het E-Cigarette Forum - een uitstekend overzichtsartikel geschreven
No. There’s no good evidence that e-cigarettes could cause the lung condition called popcorn lung. There’s been no cases of popcorn lung reported in people who use e-cigarettes. A link between breathing in a chemical called diacetyl was made when a cluster of popcorn factory workers were all found to have the rare lung condition. It was not related to use of e-cigarettes. And more research is needed on the apparent link between diacetyl and popcorn lung. This includes the amount of the chemical at which any damage might occur. In the EU, diacetyl was banned in e-cigarette liquid under the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016. So, e-liquids sold in the UK shouldn’t contain diacetyl. Current research finds that e-cigarettes are far less harmful than smoking and there’s growing evidence they may help some people to quit. https://twitter.com/CRUK_Policy/status/1092055101722615810 MYTH BUSTER: Many smokers worry that switching to e-cigarettes may cause ‘popcorn lung.’ But the chemical thought to be responsible for the disease is banned in the EU. Find out more:
Bronchiolitis obliterans na stevens-johnsonsyndroom -
Bronchiolitis obliterans is een zeldzame en ernstige aandoening. Het ontstaat meestal na een luchtweginfectie of na een long- of beenmergtransplantatie, maar kan ook optreden na een stevens-johnsonsyndroom.
Toxicity of the main electronic cigarette components, propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine, in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study complemented by molecular endpoints -
en 90-dagen ratteninhalatieonderzoek volgens OESO TG 413 (OECD, 2009b) voor de toxicologische beoordeling van vernevelde PG / VG-aerosolen met en zonder nicotine werd uitgevoerd. Zowel standaard- als systeem-toxicologie-eindpunten vertoonden zeer beperkte biologische effecten van PG / VG-aerosol zonder tekenen van toxiciteit.
Wel werden verschillende nicotine-gerelateerde responsen waargenomen maar rekening houdend met het totale bewijsgewicht werden geen nadelige effecten waargenomen voor PG / VG / nicotine tot 438/544 / 6,7 mg / kg / dag, aangezien de overgrote meerderheid van de waargenomen effecten worden beschouwd als adaptieve veranderingen veroorzaakt door de nicotinegehalte en er is aangetoond dat ze reversibel zijn na stopzetting van de behandeling.
ToxFAQsTM for Propylene Glycol -
You can be exposed to propylene glycol by eating food products, using cosmetics, or taking medicine that contains it.
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have not classified propylene glycol for carcinogenicity. Animal studies have not shown this chemical to be carcinogen.
Propylene glycol is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with symptoms.
Since propylene glycol breaks down very quickly in the body, it is very difficult to detect, even though symptoms may be present.
The Food and Drug Administration has classified propylene glycol as "generally recognized as safe," which means that it is acceptable for use in flavorings, drugs, and cosmetics, and as a direct food additive.
The official FDA MSDS sheet on glycerin -
The official FDA MSDS sheet on glycerin indicates that it may be an irritant but has no other known negative health effects on contact, even when inhaled, and no effect on organs.
Onderzoek uit 1942. Atmospheres containing propylene glycol vapor are invisible, odorless, and non-irritating. This glycol is essentially non-toxic when given orally and intravenously. Concentrations of 1 gm. of propylene glycol vapor in two to four million cc. of air produced immediate and complete sterilization of air into which pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, H. influenzae, and other microorganisms as well as influenza virus had been sprayed. With lesser concentrations of propylene glycol, rapid and marked reduction in the number of air-borne bacteria occurred, but complete sterilization of the air required a certain interval of time. Pronounced effects on both pneumococci and hemolytic streptococci were observed when concentrations as low as 1 gm. of glycol to fifty million cc. of air were employed.
Desinfecterende werking van propyleen glycol damp, wat ook in ziekenbuizen gebruikt wordt. A temperature below 80°F. and an atmospheric relative humidity between 45 and 70 per cent were found to constitute the most favorable conditions for the lethal action of the vapor. Experiments were performed to test the bactericidal efficiency of propylene glycol vapor in both small and large enclosed spaces
Gepubliceerd in The Journal of Pharmacology With a view to determining the safety of employing the vapors of propylene glycol and triethylene glycol in atmospheres inhabited by human beings, monkeys and rats were exposed continuously to high concentrations of these vapors for periods of 12 to 18 months. Equal numbers of control animals were maintained under physically similar conditions. Comparative observations on the growth rates, blood counts, urine examinations, kidney function tests, fertility and general condition of the test and control groups, exhibited no essential differences between them with the exception that the rats in the glycol atmospheres exhibited consistently higher weight gains. Some drying of the skin of the monkeys' faces occurred after several months continuous exposure to a heavy fog of triethylene glycol. However, when the vapor concentration was maintained just below saturation by means of the glycostat this effect did not occur. Examination at autopsy likewise failed to reveal any differences between the animals kept in glycolized air and those living in the ordinary room atmosphere. Extensive histological study of the lungs was made to ascertain whether the glycol had produced any generalized or local irritation. None was found. The kidneys, liver, spleen and bone marrow also were normal. Bekijk ook: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+57-55-6 LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Monkeys and rats /exposed/ to atmospheres saturated with propylene glycol vapor .../experienced/ no adverse effects .. after periods of 12-18 months. No adverse effects were noted, and there were no increases in tumor incidences in rats fed diets containing up to 5% propylene glycol for two years. http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/home.html#home LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a continuous-exposure inhalation study, rats were exposed to 0.17-0.35 mg/L propylene glycol for 18 months and a chronic toxicity lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.35 mg/L was established based on a 50% increase in body weight. There were no other effects observed in treated animals in this study.
Propane -1,2-diolPropane-1,2-diol is, among many other uses, commonly used to produce artificial smoke with generators in theatres, discotheques, emergency trainings or is used as a liquid forvaporisa-tion in electronic cigarettes. The substance does currently not have an entry in Annex VI to CLP. RAC did not agree to the proposal by Germany to classify the substance as respiratory irritant(STOT SE 3; H335)
Propylene glycol in e cigarettes might keep us healthy, says researchers -
Propylene glycol, the primary ingredient in the electronic cigarette cartridge, may be a powerful deterrent against pneumonia, influenza, and other respiratory diseases when vaporized and inhaled according to a study by Dr. Oswald Hope Robertson.
at least 25% Propylene Glycol in the system concerns the possibility of bacterial growth. With concentrations at or above 20%, both Ethylene and Propylene Glycol inhibit the growth and proliferation of most microbes and fungi. The reduced surface tension in the glycol solution interrupts the cell walls of the bacteria, resulting in an environment that will not support bacterial growth. At very low glycol concentrations, for example below 1%, both Ethylene and Propylene Glycol act as a nutrient for bacteria. At these concentrations, bacteria will biodegrade the Propylene Glycol causing rapid growth of bacterial contamination. At levels above 1 and below 20%, some bacteria can survive with limited growth, especially at moderate temperatures.
These studies allowed us to conclude that PG aerosol generated with the capillary aerosol generator could be administered safely in man, with an adequate margin of safety needed to conduct "first-time-in-man" human exposure studies.
Disinfection of Air by Germicidal Vapors and Mists -
Report of the Referee to the Standard Methods Committee for the Examination of Germicides and Antibacterial Agents (Disinfection of Air by Germicidal Vapors and Mists) *." American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health,
Another study on the intermittent dispersal of propylene glycol into the
atmosphere of a crowded room 4 showed a diminution of 80 percent in the total bacterial content of the air which lasted for about 15 minutes only. Repeated dispersions of the glycol vapor every 15 minutes resulted in a fairly constant lowering of the bacterial population of the air.
The report of the 3 years' study of the clinical application of the disinfection of air by glycol vapors in a children's convalescent home
showed a marked reduction in the number of acute respiratory infections occurring in the wards treated with both propylene and triethylene glycols. Whereas in the control wards 132 infections occurred during the course of the three winters, there were only
13 such instances in the glycol wards during the same period. The
fact that the children were, for the most part, chronically confined to
bed presented an unusually favorable condition for the prophylactic action of the glycol vapor.
The Tobacco Control Task Force of the American Association of Public Health Physicians instead has indicated that e-cigarettes closely resemble Nicotine Replacement Therapy products. Since Propylene glycol (PG) constitutes around 89-90% of the e-cigarettes formulation, the objective here is to review the safety of inhalation of PG. All animal and human studies that analyzed the effect of the inhalation of PG have indicated that, PG does not appear to pose a significant hazard via the inhalation route. In fact, in several of these animal studies the concentrations of PG used were higher compared to the concentration used in e-cigarettes and did not give rise to any toxic effects. However, there are no human studies at the level of e-cigarette concentrations.
12. Zwangerschap
Zwangerschap : Public Health England, Stopping smoking in pregnancy -
women will choose to use e-cigarettes during their pregnancy or may be already using e-cigarettes when they become pregnant.
If a pregnant woman chooses to use an e-cigarette or has already stopped smoking with the use of an e-cigarette and feels that it helps her to stay smokefree, she should not be discouraged from doing.
Using e-cigarettes before, during and after pregnancy - SmokefreeAction -
Bronnen met wetenschappelijke informatie over e-sigaretten en zwangerschap van
smokefreeaction.org.uk. E-cigarettes are much less harmful to health than tobacco. This page contains resources and information about the use of e-cigarettes before, during and after pregnancy
Nicotine (not smoke) is harmful for the unborn? Science says NO: "had no impairment compared with 65.5% in placebo". Further studies should investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of higher doses of NRT.
Articles on Friday 12th February in the Daily Mail and the Telegraph reported that “women smokers are misguided in their belief that it is safer to switch to electronic cigarettes when pregnant” and that “e-cigarettes could cause the same developmental problems as smoking.”
Professor Peter Hajek, Director of Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine at Queen Mary University London, said:
“The story is based on an unpublished presentation and so the actual data cannot be checked, but in most such studies, animals are exposed to doses many times above any realistic human exposure and the results have little relevance for vapers. Most importantly though, no comparison with effects of cigarette smoke was made and so the conclusion that vaping could be worse than smoking has nothing to do with the study findings.”
Het onderzoek is te lezen in het Wiley’s Obstetrics and Gynaecology journal : Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study Een Iers onderzoek toont aan dat het geboortegewicht van baby’s van zwangere vrouwen die volledig zijn overgeschakeld van roken naar e-sigaretten gebruiken, vergelijkbaar is met dat van niet-rokers. En dat was aanzienlijk hoger dan het gemiddelde gewicht van de baby’s van rokende moeders.
Infants born to women who used NRT for smoking cessation in pregnancy were more likely to have unimpaired development. Baby's van vrouwen die NRT (nicotine pleisters) gebruikt voor het stoppen met roken tijdens de zwangerschaphadden meer kans omongeschondenontwikkeling van hun baby. Deze vrouwen werden vergeleken met een groep die gestopt waren met roken en een placebo kregen en persoonlijke begeleiding. Opmerkelijk is dus hierbij dat nicotine pleisters gebruiken dus een positieve invloed had, vergeleken bij geen nicotine gebruiken.
Conclusie : Roken veroorzaakt erg veel schade. Daarmee vindt men een nicotine leverend alternatief dat roken vervangt veel beter. Er zijn te weinig gegevens bekend om er bewezen uitspraken over te doen. Wel zijn er aanwijzingen dat het schadelijk zou kunnen zijn. Hierbij heeft men vooral de angst dat het kwaad kan waneeer er nicotine vervangende middelen worden gebruikt met veel nicotine.
Adding a nicotine patch (15 mg per 16 hours) to behavioral cessation support for women who smoked during pregnancy did not significantly increase the rate of abstinence from smoking until delivery or the risk of adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes. Het geven van een nicotinepleister (15 mg per 16 uur) aan vrouwen die rookten tijdens de zwangerschap, liet niet meer vrouwen stoppen met roken. Maar gaf ook geen extra risico op bijwerkingen of nadelige effecten bij de zwangerschap of geboorte, bij vrouwen die dit gebruikten.
Test batterijen en accu´s. De specificaties van een batterij kunnen erg afwijken van de in realiteit gemeten waarden. Dit kan gevaarlijk zijn bij overbelasten. Verder zijn merken met het woord "fire" er in onbetrouwbare merken. Nee dit is geen grapje. Bedenkelijke merken o.a. : Efest, Ultrafire, Trustfire. Koop het liefst originele batterijen van fabrikanten zoals Sony, Samsung, LG chem, Panasonic, Toshiba, Hitachi
Don't pulse the coils when you build, don't Torch the coils, Don't even make them glow like you would with Kanthal! Don't vape Ni200 in regular wattage mode, and DONT vape a nickel RDA build on a mech mod. This soft metal is low resistance and requires low power to heat up. That's the only reason you can vape with it! Your temp control mod cuts off or cuts back power when the temp gets to the degree you set it for, and most mods max out at 600 for nickel. HERES WHY: because nickel is toxic at higher temperatures! And if you didn't know that, well now you know! Don't build nickel the way you do for kanthal. Also, titanium is another metal that is toxic above certain temperatures. I cannot tell you the specific temp at which these soft low resistance metals become toxic. I'm staying bluntly: if it's Ni200 use it on a TC device in TC mode and no place else.
Conclusie : Roken veroorzaakt erg veel schade. Daarmee vindt men een nicotine leverend alternatief dat roken vervangt veel beter. Er zijn te weinig gegevens bekend om er bewezen uitspraken over te doen. Wel zijn er aanwijzingen dat het schadelijk zou kunnen zijn. Hierbij heeft men vooral de angst dat het kwaad kan waneeer er nicotine vervangende middelen worden gebruikt met veel nicotine.
E-Cigs and Joe Camel | Dr. Steven J. Allen -
Over zogenaamd adverteren voor kinderen volgens de anti-esigaretten "experts". Maar blijkbaar gebeurt dat alleen in tijdschrijften voor volwassenen en evenementen voor volwassenen.
NRT - Nicotine bevattende stoppen met rokken middelen
Results: Among those who had used NRT during their initial quit attempt (61.5%, 95% CI 58.4%–64.6%), 6.0% (95% CI 4.3%–8.3%) were still using NRT at 1 year, significantly more ex-smokers than relapsed smokers (9.5% vs. 3.7%; p = .005). In adjusted analysis, NRT use interacted with smoking status to determine change in cotinine, but not alpha-amylase, levels (Wald χ2 (1) = 13.0, p < .001): cotinine levels remained unchanged in relapsed smokers and ex-smokers with long-term NRT use but decreased in ex-smokers without long-term NRT use.
Nicotine replacement therapy (including the patches, gums and inhalators of my failed attempts), has a success rate of only 7 percent—or a failure rate of 93 percent. Data synthesis Seven placebo controlled randomised controlled trials were included (four used nicotine replacement therapy gum, two nicotine replacement therapy inhaler, and one free choice of therapy). They were reduction studies that reported smoking cessation as a secondary outcome. The trials enrolled a total of 2767 smokers, gave nicotine replacement therapy for 6-18 months, and lasted 12-26 months. 6.75% of smokers receiving nicotine replacement therapy attained sustained abstinence for six months, twice the rate of those receiving placebo (relative risk (fixed effects) 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 3.15; (random effects) 1.99, 1.01 to 3.91; five trials). The number needed to treat was 29. All other cessation and reduction outcomes were significantly more likely in smokers given nicotine replacement therapy than those given placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in adverse events (death, odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 4.02; serious adverse events, 1.16, 0.79 to 1.50; and discontinuation because of adverse events, 1.25, 0.64 to 2.51) except nausea, which was more common with nicotine replacement therapy (8.7% v 5.3%; odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 2.36).
Stop-smoking medications have very modest long-term effect (BMJ study). Only 8% smokers still quit at 12m in RCTs (vs control groups). Real-world results even lower. Relapse a major problem. Ecigarettes may help the remainder and can prevent relapse.
A Tel Aviv University study published in Addiction finds that only eight out of 100 smokers who take smoking cessation medications will have benefited from taking smoking medications after one year's time. The scientists used meta-analysis to combine the results of 61 randomized controlled trials involving some 28,000 participants who took the first-line FDA-approved smoking cessation medications bupropion (Zyban), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or varenicline (Chantix/Champix).
Results : Propensity score matching markedly improved balance on the potential confounders between the pharmaceutical aid use groups. Using matched samples to provide a balanced comparison, there was no evidence that use of varenicline (adjusted risk difference [aRD] = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.07 to 0.11), bupropion (aRD = 0.02, 95% CI = –0.04 to 0.09), or nicotine replacement (aRD = 0.01, 95% CI = –0.03 to 0.06) increased the probability of 30 days or more smoking abstinence at one-year follow-up.
Conclusions: The lack of effectiveness of pharmaceutical aids in increasing long-term cessation in population samples is not an artifact caused by confounded analyses. A possible explanation is that counseling and support interventions provided in efficacy trials are rarely delivered in the general population.
Study finds antismoking drug increases chance of serious cardiac event by 72 percent compared to people on placebo. Champix, een van de populairste rookstopmiddelen, verhoogt bij een gezonde roker het risico op een hartaanval of een beroerte met 72 procent, zeggen onderzoekers.
The study did not meet its main goal of the four-week continuous abstinence rate at weeks 9 through 12 for Chantix compared to placebo, Pfizer said. The side effect profile of Chantix observed in this study was similar to that seen in studies of adults, the company said.
Stop-smoking medications have very modest long-term effect (BMJ study). Only 8% smokers still quit at 12m in RCTs (vs control groups). Real-world results even lower. Relapse a major problem. Ecigarettes may help the remainder and can prevent relapse.
De Engelse Wikipedia is wel goed onderbouwd met verwijzingen naar onderzoeken. In tegenstelling tot de Nederlandse waarbij duidelijk de effecten van roken en nicotine door elkaar heen gehaald worden. En schadelijke effecten van roken onterecht aan nicotine worden toegewezen.
WHO onzin tweets -
No, it can't. In fact it shares many common ingredients with skin moisturiser.
https://webmd.com/beauty/features/moisturizers#2
Nicotine isn't actually that readily absorbed through the skin.
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26619784
The devices and refills should be kept away from children. So should many things.
And it is not 'highly flammable'. It's quite hard to light, and doesn't burn very well.
Well, done, @WHO
, once again you have almost everything wrong about ecigs.
For the love of god, less activism and propaganda, and more facts and science!
Dit was weer een onderzoek in het kader van, als we onder normale omstandigheden en bij normaal gebruik helemaal niets vinden, dan proberen we net zo lang factoren te veranderen (niet realistische omstandigheden te creëren), totdat we eindelijk iets gevonden hebben om kritiek mee te leveren op de e-sigaret. Ze hebben zoveel rare dingen gedaan, dat dit ook weer een soort slapstick onderzoek is geworden. Je zou er om moeten lachen als het niet zo diep triest was.
Onderzoek met vreemde conclusie. Het onderzoek betreft jongeren en e-sigaretten. In de volledige studie is als resultaat te lezen dat de belangrijkste twee redenen voor gebruik e-sigaret jongeren is : Stoppen met tabak roken en je de e-sigaret is op meer plekken toegestaan dan tabak. Alle andere redenen waren niet significant, en dus niet van belang. Het rare is dat in de conclusie die daarna komt, geen wetenschappelijke maar politieke uitspraken komen die niet door het onderzoek ondersteund zijn. Wat er op neer komt is dat de onderzoekers beweren dat de de maatregelen om elektrische sigaret gebruik bij jongeren te verminderen, ze verboden moeten worden, en duurder gemaakt door hoger te belasten. Vreemd: jongeren stoppen met roken met e-sigaret, maar conclusie is ze verbieden??? Lees ook de kritiek op dit onderzoek, dit zegt onder andere : In dit onderzoek is niet meegenomen dat 60% van de jongeren GEEN nicotine gebruikt in hun e-sigaretten. (dat bleek uit eerder onderzoek) Nicotine in e-sigaretten is alleen handig wanneer je stopt met roken. De auteurs lijken niet bewust van de mogelijke onbedoelde gevolgen van hun politieke ideeën. Bijvoorbeeld het verhogen van de kosten van de e-sigaretten kan veroorzaken bestaande gebruikers terugvallen naar tabak roken, of dat de prikkel om over te schakelen van tabak roken naar het veel gezondere e-sigaret gebruik zal afnemen.
This guidance supports clinicians in their conversations with patients on the different available options for stopping smoking and their effectiveness.
De belangrijkste bevinding van onze studie is dat nicotine een MAOI nodig heeft om dezelfde neurochemische modificaties te induceren als die waargenomen met verbindingen die behoren tot de hoofdgroepen van drugs van misbruik (d.w.z. amfetamine, cocaïne, morfine of alcohol). The main finding of our study is that nicotine needs the association with an irreversible and nonselective MAOI to induce the same neurochemical modifications as those observed with compounds belonging to the main groups of drugs of abuse (i.e., amphetamine, cocaine, morphine, or alcohol). Nicotine does not induce by itself sensitization of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons nor behavioral sensitization.
Cochrane Systematic Review - InterventionVersion published: 14 June 2019 There is insufficient evidence to determine whether hypnotherapy is more effective for smoking cessation than other forms of behavioural support or unassisted quitting. If a benefit is present, current evidence suggests the benefit is small at most. There is very little evidence on whether hypnotherapy causes adverse effects, but the existing data show no evidence that it doe
One thing that e cig beginners have said to me repeatedly is that they don’t understand what ohms and volts and watts are and why it’s useful to know about them. If you’re really not interested, the best thing you can do is to buy a setup that comes complete with battery and atomiser. It’s only when you start to use separate batteries, mods & atomisers that this stuff starts to be important.
Each year, nearly 2 in 5 cigarette smokers try to quit, but fewer than 10% succeed. Results. Successful quitters were more likely than those unable to quit to have rules against smoking in their homes, less likely to have switched to light cigarettes for health concerns, and more likely to be aged 35 years or older, married or living with a partner, and non-Hispanic White, and to have at least a college education.
Dit is een reactie waarbij duidelijk gemaakt wordt dat in het onderzoek een causaal verband gelegd wordt wat er helemaal niet is. Alsof experimenterende pubers niet meer met tabak roken zullen experimenteren wanneer men experimenteren met e-sigaretten niet zou gebeuren. Buiten het feit dat men daarnaast ook geen rekening houdt met het feit dat jongeren beter met e-sigarettten kunnen experimenteren daar die minstens 95% gezonder zijn. En jongeren over het algemeen met nicotine vrije e-sigaretten experimenteren. Een andere reactie op die onderzoek is hier te vinden: http://colinmendelsohn.com.au/posts/vaping-myths-can-we-please-stick-evidence/ Het originele onderzoek is hier te vinden : http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/263437
The average number of quit attempts is likely significantly higher than what is generally communicated to smokers. Under what we consider to be the best set of assumptions, this study suggests that a current smoker tries to quit on average 30 times or more before successfully quitting for 1 year or longer. The estimated average number of quit attempts expected before quitting successfully ranged from 6.1 under the assumptions consistent with prior research, 19.6 using a constant rate approach, 29.6 using the method with the expected lowest bias, to 142 using an approach including previous recall history. Conclusions Previous estimates of number of quit attempts required to quit may be underestimating the average number of attempts as these estimates excluded smokers who have greater difficulty quitting and relied on lifetime recall of number of attempts. Understanding that for many smokers it may take 30 or more quit attempts before being successful may assist with clinical expectations.
Door Farsalinos. The studies provide no information on whether e-cigarette use was initiated before (and how long before) or after the development of disease. What if participants used e-cigarettes after they developed the disease in order to quit smoking? Two scientists from the University of California Los Angeles published a letter about the recently published study saying that if only 10% of participants were misclassified as using e-cigarette users before (instead of after) having the heart attack, the association mentioned in the study would be invalid. So, about the recently published study saying that if only 10% of participants were misclassified as using e-cigarette users before (instead of after) having the heart attack, the association mentioned in the study would be invalid. ==>Dit is een risico op het ontwikkelen van een ziekte die al was ontwikkeld VOORDAT deze werd blootgesteld aan e-sigaretten! Dit klinkt meer als een grap. Het is zeer vergelijkbaar met een andere opmerking die ik enkele weken geleden maakte over iemand die roker was en waarbij de diagnose COPD en laryngeale kanker werd gesteld, en besloot te stoppen met roken met het gebruik van e-sigaretten. Hij startte het gebruik van e-sigaretten na 46 jaar roken, 15 jaar na de diagnose COPD en 3 jaar na de diagnose van larynxcarcinoom. Dit is een persoon met COPD en larynxkanker die e-sigaretten gebruikt, en hij zou gewend zijn om een "verhoogd risico" te rechtvaardigen in beide genoemde studies! Absurd… Er zijn zelfs meer grappige verhalen afkomstig van een dergelijke analyse. We analyseerden de gegevens uit de National Health Interview Survey van 2016 en 2017 op dezelfde manier als de recent gepubliceerde studie. In dit geval onderzochten we de associatie tussen ooit medicijnen gebruiken om cholesterol te verlagen en een hartaanval te krijgen. We vonden dat ooit gebruik van anti-cholesterol medicatie werd geassocieerd met een 115% hogere kans (meer dan het dubbele van de kansen) van het hebben van een hartaanval. En dat was bovenop het hebben van hypercholesterolemie en gecorrigeerd voor alle andere risicofactoren voor een hartaanval. Moeten we beweren dat "Ooit het nemen van voorgeschreven medicijnen om cholesterol te verlagen, aangepast voor het hebben van hypercholesterolemie en andere risicofactoren, geassocieerd is met een verhoogd risico op een hartaanval"? Natuurlijk niet, dat zou absurd zijn.
There is not a direct drug-drug interaction between nicotine, especially inhaled nicotine, and antidepressant medications. Meaning, the actual chemicals present will not react in a manner that would change either their mechanism of action or their absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion within the body.
However, nicotine has been studied and shown to have antidepressant benefits. Nicotine causes a couple of effects, but the important one related to antidepressant medications is inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO). By reducing the amount of MAO in the body, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are not broken down as quickly. These are neurotransmitters often associated with euphoria and increased mood.
The problem? Well, if you are already taking medications that have similar effects, compounding the mechanism of actions (how your medication is working) will lead to increased risk of adverse effects. One of the most dangerous adverse effects from antidepressants is increased suicidal ideation. Other dangerous effects include serotonin syndrome, which often requires immediate hospitalization.
The e-cigarette will never be totally safe: it is not a product for non-smoker.
The emissions of e-cigarette contain no tar and <1% nitrosamines of tobacco smoke.
Aldehydes in emission are <10% tobacco smoke, but may increase in case of misuse.
A total replacement of tobacco by e-cigarette offers a dramatic decrease of risk.
e-cigarette has to be considered by practitioner in patients with cancer who continue to smoke.
The emission of e-cigarette does not content solids particles, carbon monoxide. Nitrosamine content is hundred times lower than in tobacco smoke. e-cigarette emission in normal use do not content any harmful product at significant level except nicotine. If e-cigarette will never be a safe product and will never be a product for non-smoker, for smoker e-cigarette is more than 20 times less dangerous than cigarette and most of tobacco cessation specialists in countries were nicotine containing e-cigarettes are available provide counselling for e-cigarette use to stop to smoke or to reduce smoking at the request of patients. Bertrand Dautzenberg, Daniel Garelik
The e-cigarette does not create side-stream smoke. Exhaled breath after e-smoking contains even less nicotine per puff, as much of the nicotine inhaled is absorbed. Similarly, propylene glycol is largely absorbed and little is exhaled. Propylene glycol is harmless. No increase in CO was found. No harm found in e-cigarette mist. Nicotine is not harmful in the quantities mentioned.
The drug was tested on 1045 volunteers and compared to 400 patients treated with placebo and 1500 patients treated with other anti-smoking drugs. The results obtained show that 55 to 76% of the patients treated with Tabex gave up smoking. These generalized percentages from different studies are statistically significant and are higher that those of the other preparations compared. Tabex showed a good effect on the chronic pulmonary diseases accompanying prolonged smoking, as well as on patients with psychic diseases of a depressive nature. No serious side effects have been noticed by observing the cited contraindications: severe hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, of the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard in Boston, agreed in an editorial accompanying the NEJM paper. However, getting the drug to the U.S. market could be a challenge.
Youtube Video bespreekt het onderzoek "Cytisine versus Nicotine for Smoking Cessation". In this trial in New Zealand, cytisine was superior to nicotine-replacement therapy in helping smokers quit. The findings are summarized in this video.
When combined with brief behavioral support, cytisine was found to be superior to nicotine-replacement therapy in helping smokers quit smoking, but it was associated with a higher frequency of self-reported adverse events. Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
Cytisine was more effective than placebo for smoking cessation. The lower price of cytisine as compared with that of other pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation may make it an affordable treatment to advance smoking cessation globally.
waardevolle en Interessante artikelen / links / zoektools
Vaping is still at least 95% lower risk than smoking - debunking a feeble and empty critique -
An empty and feeble critique misses its target and adds nothing.
CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS
T. Eissenberg and A. Shihadeh are paid consultants in litigation against the tobacco industry and are named on a patent for a device that measures the puffing behavior of electronic cigarette users. In addition, as of September 2019, T. Eissenberg is a consultant in litigation against the electronic cigarette industry. S. Jordt reports receiving personal fees from Hydra Bio-sciences LLC and Sanofi SA and nonfinancial support from GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work.
Invoerrechten (douanerechten), btw, inklaringskosten en andere bijkomende kosten berekenen die vaak komen kijken bij het importeren van producten uit land van buiten de Europese Unie.
Although there are many more scientists beyond those listed here who disagree with current Tobacco Control methods, practice or science, few dare expose their dissent.
Brad Rodu - Professor of Medicine at the University of Louisville. - Tobacco harm reduction research, and member of the James Graham Brown Cancer Center.
Blog from TobaccoHarmReduction.org, a unit of the Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association (casaa.org). THR refers to tobacco harm reduction.
World Health Organization (WHO) admits e-cigs less harmful than cigarettes -
The World Health Organization (WHO) finally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are less harmful relative to cigarettes. The acknowledgment came from WHO representative Dr. Ranti Fayokun, scientist in the National Capacity-Tobacco Control Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases during the hearing on vaping regulation conducted by the House of Representatives in December.
expert reaction to World Health Organisation Q&A on electronic cigarettes (WHO) -
The WHO has a history of anti-vaping activism that is damaging their reputation. This document is particularly malign.
“Practically all the factual statements in it are wrong. There is no evidence that vaping is ‘highly addictive’ – less than 1% of non-smokers become regular vapers. Vaping does not lead young people to smoking – smoking among young people is at all time low. There is no evidence that vaping increases risk of heart disease or that could have any effect at all on bystanders’ health. The US outbreak of lung injuries is due to contaminants in illegal marijuana cartridges and has nothing to do with nicotine vaping. There is clear evidence that e-cigarettes help smokers quit.
“The authors of this document should take responsibility for using blatant misinformation that is likely to to prevent smokers from switching to a much less risky alternative.”
https://twitter.com/carlvphillips/status/1147845435375128577 Betreft onderzoek : Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2019/06/28/tobaccocontrol-2018-054905.long
US: In summary, the oft-cited teen vaping epidemic involves not three million youths, but rather 95,000 underage teens who vaped frequently but never used other tobacco products – or 0.6% of the nation’s 14.8 million high school students.
Teen vaping has been dominating the media in recent months. But are fears based on misleading hype or data? We analysed data from three countries to reveal the true story behind the media hype. VS cijfers van : the National Youth Tobacco Survey : Regular vaping is much more common in smokers than never-smokers. For instance, in the US, about 1 percent of never-smokers vaped regularly (more than five days in the past month)
FDA vaping-epidemic/ Er is geen wetenschappelijk bewijs voor de "teen epidemic" claim. Cijfers en bewijs zijn ook werkelijk nooit tevoorschijn gekomen in 2018 of 2019 (cijfers wijzen zelfs eerder in tegenovergestelde richting, jongeren die roken vervangen door e-sigaret). The FDA and the vaping "epidemic" :
XTeen - Sunday Science Lesson: Calling vaping/tobacco use an “epidemic”: it’s even stupider than you might think -
From : award-winning researcher Carl V Phillips in epidemiology methods (how to correctly interpret epidemiologic data) and economist.
vaping-epidemic / Er is geen wetenschappelijk bewijs voor de "teen epidemic" claim. Ze zijn ook werkelijk nooit tevoorschijn gekomen in 2018 of 2019. (cijfers wijzen zelfs eerder in tegenovergestelde richting, jongeren die roken vervangen door e-sigaret).
XTeen - I'm just not seeing that teen vaping epidemic... -
Your agency has stated very clearly that nicotine replacement therapies (patch, gum, lozenges) are not even dependence forming. Now you say nicotine is highly addictive? And I'm just not seeing that teen vaping epidemic...
Xteen - Does the Doctor Know? -
Voormalig hoofd FDA was in eerste instantie voorstander van de E-sigaret. En was van mening dat de e-sigaret voor veel mensen levensreddend zou zijn. Een paar maanden voor het einde van zijn functie veranderde ineens zijn mening. En begon hij in de media allerlei , niet op feiten berustende, negatieve bangmaak berichten over de e-sigaret te verspreiden. Onduidelijk was waar alles op gebaseerd was. Wil je zijn intenties en verborgen agenda, weten dan moet je dit artikel lezen.
Het erop neer, dat e-sigaretten het probleem niet zijn, want dat dit mensen bij het roken weg krijgt is bekend. Maar wat de farmaceutische industrie wel stoort is het feit dat het niet een uitvinding van de farmaceutische industrie is en dat de farmaceut hierdoor inkomsten mis loopt. Dus zet je iemand op de hoogste post bij de FDA neer die het dampen kapot moet maken en in die tussentijd ontwikkel je zelf iets wat gaat lijken op een e-sigaret, maar dan wel één die goedgekeurd is door de FDA en alleen op doktersrecept verkrijgbaar zal zijn, dan wel bij alle supermarkten verkocht mag worden net zoals de NRT's nu.
Scott kreeg als beloning voor zijn ‘goede werken’ bij de FDA een baan bij Pfizer. Het zelfde bedrijf dat ook champix/chantix op de markt heeft gezet.
Wisconsin investigation of people with lung disease 89% so far reported using e-cigarettes to inhale THC -
Google translate : In het onderzoek van Wisconsin naar mensen met longaandoeningen die vapen meldden, meldde 89% van de 27 tot nu toe geïnterviewde gevallen het gebruik van e-sigaretten of andere vapende apparaten voor het inhaleren van THC-producten, zoals was en oliën, heeft het Wisconsin Department of Health Services vandaag aangekondigd.
In the Wisconsin investigation of people with lung disease who reported vaping, 89% of the 27 cases interviewed so far reported using e-cigarettes or other vaping devices to inhale THC products, such as waxes and oils, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services announced today.
Not everyone reported using THC oil, but we can't say if that was because they were scared to acknowledge it or because they never used it," Ngozi Ezike, MD, director of the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), told MedPage Today.
The relevant question for those who worry about teenagers who start with vaping and move on to smoking is what would have happened if e-cigarettes did not exist.
Here’s the response from Dr. Farsalinos: This was a case report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Most commonly an allergic reaction that causes inflammation in the lung. Any inflammation in the lungs ( could be caused by pneumonia, bacteria and more) can result in pleural effusion. This is irrelevant to the “wet lung” that implies ecig use results in liquid accumulation in the lungs. The authors of the study only suggest that vaping caused hypersensitivity pneumonitis providing absolutely no scientific data to back this theory except mentioning that the girl vaped. THE USE OF THE TERM “WET LUNG” IS A DELIBERATE ATTACK ON VAPING AND AN ATTEMPT TO FEARMONGER & SPREAD MISINFORMATION ONCE AGAIN FORCING SMOKERS AWAY FROM USING THIS PRODUCT TO QUIT SMOKING. https://vapenews.com/vape-news/dr-farsalinos-responds-to-the-wet-lung-imbroglio/ https://www.planetofthevapes.co.uk/news/vaping-news/2018-05-21_pediatrics-pants-on-fire.html
Penn State University deed onderzoek naar vrije radicalen in in elektrische sigaretten damp. Zij vondendate-sigaretten de de gevonden niveaus van reactievevrijeradicalen1000tot100maallager danniveausingewone sigaretten. Dit is dus een goed bericht voor rokers die willen overstappen van sigaretten naar een elektrische sigaret. [Highly Reactive Free Radicals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols]
De schrijver van het Penn State University nieuwsbericht over het onderzoek lijkt niet blij met de uitkomst. Hij blijft herhalen dat er "gevaarlijke stoffen" gevonden zijn. En hij staat er blijkbaar niet bij stil dat deze stoffen ook aanwezig zijn in omgevingslucht. En dat je juist naar de percentages van die stoffen moet kijken. Tot nu toe is in damp van e-sigaretten is ook in andere onderzoeken bestudeerd. En is gevonden dat ook de hoeveelheid van andere potentieel van gevaar verdachte stoffen rondom en weinig boven het niveau van omgevingslucht liggen. We ademen altijd gevaarlijke stoffen in, alleen is die concentratie over het algemeen erg beperkt, tenzij we in een gebied leven met veel milieuvervuiling.
Verschillende onderzoekers begeven zich op een hellend vlak, qua interpreteren van onderzoeksgegevens, en de media gaat er nog meer mee op de loop. Onderzoekers overdrijven risico's en vertekening conclusies. Willen zij invloed hebben op de regelgeving? De invloed van overdreven negatieve berichtgeving is dat mensen teruggrijpen naar tabak roken, zelfs als ze al gestopt waren met behulp van een e-sigaret. Longarts Farselinos probeert meer inzicht te geven waarom juist bij e-sigaretten de media de "waarheid" zo uit het oog verliezen. Want e-sigaretten zijn 95 - 99% minder schadelijk als het roken van tabak.
Vaporized E-Cigarette Liquids Induce Ion Transport Dysfunction in Airway Epithelia -
do any of the people who have worked on this paper any knowledge of electricity? And why didn't these results and there own remarks make them wonder if they might have been testing under dry-puff conditions rendering there work useless?
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 30576219
https://vaping360.com/vape-news/78572/goodbye-felicia-gottlieb-leaves-fda-after-bizarre-seizure-warning/ the FDA admits that some of those who made reports already have a history of seizures, some coincided with other drug use (including amphetamines), and some of the seizures occurred up to a day after vaping. But despite knowing that the seizures may have no connection to vaping or nicotine, the most powerful public health official in the country decided to create an uproar over self-reported “adverse events” that haven’t necessarily even been validated by medical professionals.
Boston University Public Health Professor Dr. Michael Siegel says the Federal Drug Administration’s new rule will stunt anti-smoking efforts.
Truth’s JUUL Study: Deception and Confusion -
The Truth Initiative has just published a new study that purports to back up FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb’s claim that teenage vaping — and especially teen use of JUUL — has become an epidemic. But their numbers don’t match their claims.
Transitioning From Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes Increases Alcohol Consumption. -
Peter Hajek: The title asserts that smokers who switch to vaping start to drink more. The Abstract however shows no such thing. It just reports that ex-smokers who vape drink more than ex-smokers who do not vape. Heavier smokers are more likely to seek nicotine maintenance and are also heavier drinkers and the difference almost certainly predated quitting. Unless the body of the paper includes unexpected pre-quit data that are not cited in the Abstract, the title has nothing to do with the study findings and misleads casual readers.
Er worden veel onwaarheden en fabel verhalen geschreven over elektrische sigaretten. En deze worden zelfs geciteerd of geplaatst in de gevestigde media. Vaak zonder verdere rectificatie. Dit gebeurt zowel in Nederland als in andere landen. Dit artikel gaat over dergelijke onzinberichten.
No underage tobacco initiation is acceptable; neither is misdirection by researchers. Study from the University of California, San Francisco. Researchers analyzed data on some 10,400 teens enrolled in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Survey in 2013-2014, then followed up with the subjects one year later. The Chaffee article emphasizes odds ratios but omits or obscures important contextual information. While teens who try one tobacco product are more likely to try another, the dominant gateway in the PATH survey was from no previous tobacco use to cigarettes.
Er is kritiek op de tijdsduur en tussenpozen waarmee de e-sigaretten getest zijn. Daarnaast werden alle e-sigaretten hellemaal drooggerookt. De testmachine ging door, totdat men met het blote ook kon waarnemen dat er geen damp meer geproduceerd werd. Dit zijn geen methoden zoals elektrische sigaretten gebruikt worden in de praktijk. Daarnaast kan op deze methode oververhitting ontstaan, waarmee de gemeten resultaten vervuild kunnen zijn. De onderzoekers verklaren niet waarom van sommige merken twee elektrische sigaretten getest zijn, terwijl van andere alleen een enkele. De onderzoekers praten hoofdzakelijk over gemiddeld gemeten waarden. Ze proberen niet te verklaren waarom de gevonden waarden zo ver uit elkaar liggen. Zelfs bij dezelfde smaak liggen dergelijke waarden soms ver uit elkaar. (Er werd geen acetoin gevonden in één Pina Colada proef, maar in andere proeven werd 17, 46 and 130 microgram gevonden)
(De hoogste waarde is gevonden bij perzik schnapps. En is in verhouding buitenproportioneel hoog. Terwijl je niet een botersmaak verwacht hier. Dit roept de vraag op hoe of waarom zoveel botersmaakstoffen hierin beland zijn)
De onderzoekers verklaren verschillen in uitkomst doordat ze met het blote oog controleerden of de e-sigaret in de testkamer volledig opgebruikt was.
(Pardon, dan kun je toch niet meer over gestandaardiseerd onderzoek praten?)
We are confident that the nicotine products we studied were assessed by an appropriately structured process with a requisite diversity of research experts who engaged in constructive discourse in building a model that represented the most scientifically sound assessment of the relative harms of nicotine products. Our model's results for harms to users of e-cigarettes provided Public Health England with the basis for their correct calculation to estimate that e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful to users than smoking. Or, as we prefer, smoking is estimated to be twenty times more harmful to users than vaping e-cigarettes.
Originally published on 16 May 2014 under the cryptic title: Normative Reflux. Given that IARC is about to declare coffee as carcinogenic
Tiener wiens longen het begaven dringt mensen aan op 'onmiddellijk te stoppen met E-sigaret'. -
WHAT TO KNOW: (Collapsed lung) 1) "Black spots" are air blisters that can rupture (pneumothorax.) 2) Experts at Chest Medicine Clinic (CA) see 3-5 patients a week w/condition. About 50% are tall, thin, healthy young men. 3) Common in teens and 20s. 1/2
Zijn artsen hebben hem verteld dat hij een blebs had, oftewel spontaneous pneumothorax. Dit overkomt ongeveer 7.8-18 uit 100.000 mannen, die voornamelijk lang en dun zijn. Dit maakt 740-1800 mannen op 10 miljoen, USA heeft 10 miljoen vapers, de helft is man
This is attempt number x to try and proof they didn't made a mistake with their original study in 2015 -
E-cigarettes can emit formaldehyde at high levels under conditions that have been reported to be non-averse to users. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29765089
The formaldehyde crew of Peyton et al done another great job, how else can you describe 6mg of e-liquid consumed per puff taken from a CE4 atomizer containing just 2.4ml. The rest also doesn't seem to add up
Frank Baeyens : Seems like adding 30-50% (v/v) of flavor to your base liquid is too much of a good thing. https://twitter.com/FBaeyens/status/1008668584879550464 (normally less then 5%). Why did they start above the generally used % and end up 10x as high? How does that help to get a clear picture about exposure levels vapers experience? Even korean "scientists" can be stupidly ill informed. (btw risk increas 100% from 1 in a million to 2 in a million = still insignificantly small) It should be wise to compare the data with cigarette smoke.
Onderzoek : https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/ehp2175 Reactie van Dr. Farsalinos : For those asking questions about the latest study on metal emissions from e-cigarettes, here is my comment: The "significant amount" of metals the authors reported they found were measured in ug/kg. In fact they are so low that for some cases (chromium and lead) I calculated that you need to vape more than 100 ml per day in order to exceed the FDA limits for daily intake from inhalational medications. The authors once again confuse themselves and everyone else by using environmental safety limits related to exposure with every single breath, and apply them to vaping. However, humans take more than 17,000 (thousand) breaths per day but only 400-600 puffs per day from an e-cigarette. ==>They used concentration in the aerosol and compared it to concentration in the air. Nonsense, you breath air all day every day, you don't vape with every single breath. ==>Metals are a part of every component of our daily environment- air, food, water, soil- everything, and the valence state and chemical form of the metal elements are significant determinants of their toxicologic potential. ==>The valence state is particularly important for chromium. I doubt there is any hexavalent chromium in e-cigarettes. Trivalent chromium is an essential element for humans.
A new lawsuit alleges that Stanton Glantz, a UC San Francisco scientist famous for taking on Big Tobacco, sexually harassed a former researcher and stole credit for her work.
Video Fabeltjes van Glanz over mobiele telefoons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IphRBvPpx7Y CSF antitabaksonderzoeken staan onder leiding van Stanton Glantz Stanton Glantz is o.a. bekend van het zogenaamde "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". meer bekender geworden junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). Beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians in The Times. Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science. Helena miracle : http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html --------------------------------------- Twitter : Stanton Glantz is bekend van het "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". Junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). In The Times beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians. http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science --------------------------------------- Ook The Lancent zegt dat hij niet objectief is https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(16)30024-8/fulltext The Times : Those figures you read in the newspaper were pretty convincing, right? Think again. Here are some classic idiocies : https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-worst-junk-stats-of-2007-dsb37vhxhsq
Dus, astma-aanvallen bij jongeren met astma moeten worden geassocieerd met blootstelling aan tweedehands damp (aOR = 1,27), maar NIET aan actieve "eerste hand" vapen (aOR = 0,90)? En geen woord over deze eigenaardigheid? https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(18)32584-4/fulltext
Researchers are “choosing their lottery numbers after seeing the draw”, making medicine less reliable – and respected journals are letting them do it.
Science Lesson: Vapor Droplets Are NOT Particles -
There has been a recent resurgence in fearmongering propaganda about e-cigarette vapor exposing vapers and bystanders to “particles.” Anyone with a middle-school level understanding of science can see why this is nonsense: Inhaling some kinds of solid particles can cause harm, even when the chemicals in them are harmless, but nothing similar is true for the liquid droplets produced by e-cigarettes
Tobacco controllers are astonishingly unethical. Their treatment of human research subjects includes blatant violations of ethics rules, and it deserves more attention despite being more subtle. Tobacco controllers constantly out-and-out lie about there being substantial risks from vaping, smokeless tobacco and environmental tobacco smoke. They even exaggerate the risks from smoking, as if the truth were not enough, because making claims that cannot be supported by legitimate science simply comes naturally to them. Similarly, tobacco controllers unethically pervert scientific methods, cooking up results that further their political aims. They assert conclusions that are in no way supported by the study data. This not only creates disinformation, but spills over into other subfields of health research.
Dit betreft een totaal onzin "onderszoek". Daarom wordt hier ook geen directe link geplaatst. Het is gebaseerd op junk studies, ondermeer van dhr Glanz, die aangeklaagd is vanwege frauduleuze onderzoeken en sexueel belagen van stagiare. Commentaar op dit onderzoek: My favourite part so far: 'It was found that the carcinogenic metabolic enzymes in rats exposed to E-cigarette smoke increased significantly, inducing a greater carcinogenic risk of carcinogens in E-cigarette smoke' cited to a paper published in 1964 =>>Any paper that uses the term "E-cigarette smoke” instead of vapor is sure to be junk! =>>if it's smoke then their methods are plain wrong
Articles on Friday 12th February in the Daily Mail and the Telegraph reported that “women smokers are misguided in their belief that it is safer to switch to electronic cigarettes when pregnant” and that “e-cigarettes could cause the same developmental problems as smoking.”
Professor Peter Hajek, Director of Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine at Queen Mary University London, said:
“The story is based on an unpublished presentation and so the actual data cannot be checked, but in most such studies, animals are exposed to doses many times above any realistic human exposure and the results have little relevance for vapers. Most importantly though, no comparison with effects of cigarette smoke was made and so the conclusion that vaping could be worse than smoking has nothing to do with the study findings.”
E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder in an adult sample. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871618307622#! There is absolutely no way one can conclude, or even speculate, based on the results of this cross-sectional study, that vaping is a cause of chronic obstructive lung disease. It's not just that there are dangers with drawing causal conclusions like this from a cross-sectional study. In this case, the sample size upon which the conclusion is being drawn is so low that the analysis is not at all reliable to begin with. The paper ignores (and does not cite a single article from) a body of literature showing that smokers with COPD who switch to electronic cigarettes experience an improvement in their symptoms. E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677304/ Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up https://www.dovepress.com/health-effects-in-copd-smokers-who-switch-to-electronic-cigarettes-a-r-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD However, the worst problem with these conclusions (and even with the speculation) is that it is biologically implausible that vaping for a few years can cause emphysema or chronic bronchitis. There is simply no way that you can develop COPD from vaping for five years. Even among heavy chain smokers, it takes several decades before they develop COPD. it still takes a minimum of two decades of smoking to do enough damage to the lungs that a person develops and is diagnosed with COPD. So how can you get COPD from vaping (which is even less frequent than smoking) for just a few years? Moreover, there have not even been anecdotal reports of nonsmokers developing COPD after a few years of vaping. And clinical studies have failed to detect any decline in lung function, as measured by spirometry, among vapers.
There are lots of inaccuracies and misconceptions about e-cigarettes and vaping. This blog looks at the most common myths and provides the facts.
Prevalence of Awareness and Use of JUUL E-cigarettes in a National Probability Sample of Adolescents in the United States -
Prevalence of Awareness and Use of JUUL E-cigarettes in a National Probability Sample of Adolescents in the United States. McKeganey, N., Russell, C. 2019. American Journal of Health Behavior (Open Access).
This explains why we see few JUULs in high school e-cigarette confiscations. Only 0.84% of high school kids may OWN one. The ONLY thing that can explain public venom toward JUUL is "pushed" propaganda & screaming click-bait headlines.
Paper published by Bhatta and Glantz, in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine (AJPM) retracted. We find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease. Replication is a vital part of the scientific method.” Glantz and Bhatta made, “spurious associations with health problems”.
Volkomen onzinnig onderzoek. Lees het commentaar in het dampforum SVP. Onderzoekers uit Texas hebben een paar muizen voor een langere tijd dagelijks 4.5 mg/kg nicotine gegeven. (De ld50 voor nicotine bij muizen is 3mg/kg) waarna ze erger reageerden op een (geïnduceerde) beroerte. Dit betekent volgens de onderzoekers dat dampen even erg, of zelfs nog erger is dan roken. Het gaat om de nicotine omgerekend zo'n 337mg nicotine per dag voor een mens van 75kg, wat dan ongeveer gelijkstaat aan meer dan 300 sigaretten, per dag. De media zullen dit wel weer oppakken, en gaan beweren dat e-sigaret gebruik beroertes veroorzaakt. Humoristische opmerking die een damper op het forum maakt : In ieder geval raad ik aan geen 300 mg nicotine per dag op te dampen als je stiekem enorme muis bent.
Onderzoeksvervalsing hartaanvallen - Indefensible Inaction by JAHA Editors on Obvious Research Misconduct -
Onderzoeksvervalsing, De gebruikte data nader bekeken zie je dat hartaanvallen gebeuren voordat mensen de e-sigaret gebruikten.
Onderzoeker beweert in onderzoek dat e-sigaret leidt tot zeer verhoogde kans op hartaanvallen. Er werd geen rekening gehouden met het feit dat veel van de getroffenen e-sigaretten gebruikten om te stoppen met roken. Er werd geen rekening gehouden met het tijdstip waarop de patient de hartaanval had gehad. Met alleen mensen turven die e-sigaret gebruiken en ooit hartaanval kregen kom je er niet. Dan ben je bezig met onderzoeksvervalsing.
Apparently it’s OK to publish studies suggesting that vaping causes heart attacks that occurred several years BEFORE starting to vape. This is what we’re dealing with. It brings shame on the funders, researchers, journal, editors & peer-reviewers. Stanton Glantz staat ook al bekend om eerdere data manipulatie en lastig vallen stagiaires, gevalletje metoo.
https://twitter.com/JMarkD50/status/1226282716049612800
Een oude clearomizer gebruiken die tegenwoordig nauwelijks gebruikt wordt.
Opmerkelijk is dat van 2 van de 3 gebruikte dampvloeistoffen men niet wist wat de verhouding VG/PG was. Dat is toch wel iets van belang om te weten. Daar dampvloeistof van een hoog gehalte VG vooral NIET voor een CE4 geschikt is. Mensen die allergisch zijn voor PG, en 100% VG dampen weten dat. En kopen clearomizers die daarvoor geschikt zijn, om oververhitting van de VG te voorkomen.
Er worden trekjes genomen die 5 seconden duren. Dat is totaal niet realistisch. En zolang worden door de meeste e-sigaret gebruikers al helemaal niet verdagen. En dat wordt om de 25 seconden herhaald. Dit is geen realiteit, zo dampt geen mens.
Om de geproduceerde damp door te meten werd deze op hoge temperatuur 200 graden C bewaard. Ook dat is geen praktijk, de damp is relatief koel. Want anders zou je deze niet in mond en longen kunnen verdragen, en je zou brandblaren op lippen en mond krijgen.
Er werden aldehydes waargenomen. Het principe is vrij simpel. Neem je aldehydes waar, dan weet je dat je dampvloeistof aan het verbranden bent.
In deze simulatie wordt er van uit gegaan dat dampers alle geproduceerde damp inhaleren. Dat is helemaal niet zo. Bij de damp die eerst in de mond komt, ontsnapt vaak een deel bij verder inhaleren.
Een batterij die niet geschikt is voor deze clearomizer gebruiken, zodat er te veel vermogen op gezet wordt, zodat de dampvloeistof door enorme verhitting verbrandt in plaats van verdampt.(een vrij antieke vission spinner batterij)
Dergelijke verbrande dampvloeistof gebruiken dampers niet wegens vieze smaak en enorm hoesten. Testmachine hoest niet en blijft doorgaan met gebruiken.
Grote delen van het onderzoek werkten met het voor deze clearomizers waanzinnig hoge 4.8 volts. In het 3e deel van hun onderzoek bleef de CE4 in zogenaamde dry puff (=verbranding) stand gedurende het hele experiment. Uit eerdere onderzoeken is gebleken dat bij de dry puff stand er 34.5 µg formaldehyde per puff of formaldehyde produceert wordt. In dit onderzoek vonden ze bij de CE4's emissie 45-55 µg per trekje (puff). (dry puff is in feite een trekje dat genomen is met verbrandde dampvloestof, wat enorm vies is en hoesten veroorzaakt. Bij normaal gebruik van een e-sigaret hoeven er geen dry puffs te ontstaan.)
De ietwat modernere Aerotank deed het beter. Hoewel bij de start nog niet. Vermoedelijk omdat men de vloeistof bij de start niet in de wick had laten trekken. Iets wat elke e-sigaret gebruiker weet, is dat bij een nieuwe wick je de dampvloeistof een paar minuten moet laten intrekken in de wick (lont).
De gevonden stoffen waren in minimale hoeveelheid. De stoffen die men vond waren : propylene oxide en glycidol. De toegestane blootstelling op de werkplaats van glycidol is 264 tot 528 milligram per dag (bepaald door twee verschillende veiligheidsinstituten). Neem je de laagste grens, 264, dan komt dat neer op 0.55 kg dampvloeistof wat je moet verdampen om die hoeveelheid te produceren. Dat zou neerkomen op pakweg 68 ml dampen per dag. De meeste mensen dampen niet meer dan een paar ml per dag, en de grootgebruikers meestal niet veel meer dan 10 ml.
Facts do matter : http://factsdomatter.co.uk/2016/07/outpourings-hot-air/ Note that PG starts turning into propylene oxide at 980℉. That should tell you something about the quality of this "study". They didn't ask vapers or didn´t have some vapers try the devices using their protocol, the researchers have no idea what they're doing. They do not know enough about e-cigarettes or how they work. They could go to some shops & have learned about it. With a CE4 e-cigarette and 4,8 volts battery and and 2 and 2,4 ohm coil you overheat the e-cigarette. You cannot buy the uses tanks combined with these heavy battery´s, so this is a incorrect combination tank and battery done by the researchers. With this incorrect combination they are burning liquid, not vaping. People cannot inhale burned one puff of e-liquid (to much coughing and the taste is terrible). We know this because some brave people did try out what happens when vaping such a stupid combination. So thinking people would every 5 seconds is ridiculous. Real people do not take puffs from 5 seconds long, maybe 2 seconds, but not 5 seconds. And real people do not take so much puffs. They could not do anything else than puffing, the whole day long. so this research is total nonsense, and has totally nothing to do with reality. The researchers used 2 liquids with no knowledge of Pg/VG ratio then talk about pg & VG??? There are much more not realistic facts these researchers did, please read the reviews about that: http://blog.thedripclub.com/no-they-didnt-find-new-carcinogens-in-your-e-cigarette-vapor The researchers don't have a clue, but claim their findings can inform manufacturers. The thought of a manufacturer finding any of this informative terrifies me.
NNA reacts to today’s vaping non-story Firstly, it was an in vitro study and the researchers found that e-liquid becomes more toxic to cells after being vaped than before. However, the study does not show evidence of that toxicity or any other clinical significance in living subjects. Secondly – and allied to the first limitation – the researchers fail to come to any conclusion on quantifiable level of risk. It is OK to say that cells in a petri dish react poorly to vapour but without an assessment of how that translates to increased chance of harm in humans, it is of little worth. Even Prof Thickett is quoted in some articles agreeing that e-cigarettes are far safer than smoking, all that is of debate is by how much. It is quite possible that the resultant level of risk would be well within the margins of the 5% that PHE has identified. Rather than proving that “PHE is wrong” as Prof Thickett claimed during a radio appearance today, this research does nothing to contradict the reduced risk claims of public health organisations supportive of the harm reduction prospects of vaping. Lastly, and probably most importantly, the researchers did not compare their findings with the effect on cells of tobacco smoke. Without this comparison and coupled with the lack of an assessment of real world risk, this study adds nothing significant to our understanding of vaping as a substitute for smoking. In fact, there are worrying signs that the project has been approached from an ideological point of view rather than one of seeking the truth. Prof Thickett was quoted in the Telegraph commenting that “a large number of e-cigarette companies are being bought up by tobacco companies” which should be irrelevant to someone presenting research, and more in keeping with activism, which would be a conflict of interest. A speculative study has enabled a click-hungry media to make great strides in harming the good of tobacco harm reduction and turning many smokers away from safer products. Andere kritiek : De vloeistof was 3,6% nicotine (iets meer dan 2% is in de EU verboden) in een 50/50 mix, het Evod-apparaat was daar niet geschikt voor. Je inhaleerregime van 3 seconden per 30 seconden tot de lege tank van 1,4 ml leeg is, is erg onrealistisch. en geen vergelijking met sigaretten. ==> waarbij je je af kunt vragen of hier ook weer een rookmachine gebruikt is die door ging tot dry puffs. Zoals heel veel onderzoekers blijkbaar telkens "per ongeluk" doen. En daarbij de e-sigaret oververhitten, en maar door gaan met de testmachine te laten meten en stoffen verbranden. Wat een e-sigaret gebruiker in de praktijk gewoon niet doet. Al veel te vaak gezien bij dergelijke 2e generatie e-sigaretten. Waarom gebruiken ze niet verbeterde e-sigaretten die de laatste jaren verkocht worden? zie ook deze video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y897Bq0LCo&feature=youtu.be Reactie van Acvoda: http://acvoda.nl/2018/08/15/dampen-in-media-wederom-schadelijker-dan-in-realiteit/ De onzin informatie is hier te vinden : E-cigarette vapour disables key immune cells in the lung and boosts inflammation - https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2018/08/e-cigarette-vapour-disables-key-immune-cells-in-the-lung.aspx Het onderzoek : Scott et al (2018). ‘Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages.’ Thorax. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211663
A new study published online ahead of print in the American Journal of Medicine reports that there is no association between vaping and cardiovascular disease among never smokers.
In the study, Allen et al. found that the average diacetyl content of the products tested was 9.0 micrograms per e-cigarette cartridge. Assuming that a vaper uses one cartridge per day, the average daily inhaled dose of diacetyl associated with vaping is therefore 9.0 micrograms.
Fujioka and Shibamoto conducted a study to measure the diacetyl exposure from active smoking. They found that the average diacetyl content of the cigarettes tested was 335.9 micrograms per cigarette. Assuming that a smoker consumes one pack per day (20 cigarettes), the average daily inhaled does of diacetyl associated with smoking is therefore 6718 micrograms.
Average inhaled daily diacetyl dose associated with smoking vs. vaping Vaping: 9 micrograms Smoking: 6718 micrograms
Daily exposure to diacetyl from smoking is therefore 750 times higher, on average, than exposure to diacetyl from vaping.
Maximum inhaled daily diacetyl dose associated with smoking vs. vaping Vaping: 239 micrograms Smoking: 20340 micrograms (see Pierce et al., 2014)
Thus, the "worst" e-cigarette tested produces diacetyl exposure that is 85 times lower than that of the "worst" cigarette tested.
Despite the much higher levels of diacetyl in tobacco smoke than in e-cigarette vapor, smoking has not been associated with "popcorn lung.
A new study released in the January 2016 volume of Oral Oncology has garnered attention in the media. Unfortunately the attention it has garnered highlights several misleading points from the study leading to headlines in on-line media that will create a severely negative impression. After reading the study alongside the press releases, several things become abundantly clear. http://www.statsguy.co.uk/dangerous-nonsense-about-vaping/ CLARIFICATION/CORRECTION: Contrary to what was stated or implied in much of the news coverage resulting from this news release, the lab experiments did not find that e-cigarette vapor was as harmful to cells as cigarette smoke. In fact, one phase of the experiments, not addressed in the news release, found that cigarette smoke did in fact kill cells at a much faster rate. However, because similar cell-damage mechanisms were observed as the result of both e-vapor and regular cigarette smoke, Dr. Wang-Rodriguez asserts, based on the evidence from the study, that e-cigarettes are not necessarily a healthier alternative to smoking regular cigarettes. As stated in the journal paper and the news release, further research is needed to better understand the actual long-term health effects of e-cigarettes in humans. www.eurekalert.org 2015-12/varc-chs122815.php De onderzoekers verklaarden zelf dat zij NIET de conclusie trokken dat e-sigaretten ongezonder of even ongezond zijn als tabak roken. De cellen waarmee zij werkten zijn gemodificeerd. Daarnaast waren de doses te hoog, niet realistisch en te vergelijken met gebruik door mensen. Daar was het onderzoek niet op gericht. Men probeert juist de grens te ontdekken bij welke hoge dosering het ongezond zou kunnen worden. En in een van de testen bleek dat vergelijkbare hoge concentraties cellen bij tabaksrook direct volledig afstierven, dit in tegenstelling van de cellen die met e-sigaret damp bewerkt werden.
The report, a massive review of the existing journal articles (only) that address various aspects of the subject, reaches most of the obvious conclusions. However, it is cleverly skewed to support the FDA agenda, and thus is about as anti-vaping as is possible without making blatantly absurd claims.
TWEET : THE MORE YOU KNOW: Vape fungus/bacteria study authors admit levels found even "lower than in the occupational environment" (ie. workplace air.) NOTE: "Beta" glucans are also found in PLANTS & have been used to TREAT diabetes, HIV/AIDS and even cancer. TWEET : DA regulates the acceptable level of endotoxin contamination with medical devices to be 0.5 endotoxin units/ml [233]" That's makes the levels found in #ecigs mostly under the limits set for medical devices. https://twitter.com/plopnl/status/1121502377700466695 Basisstoffen dampvloeistof hebben desinfecterende werkende De damp die ontstaat bij 200°C. De gevonden hoeveelheid lager dan toegestaan dan normen voor ziekenhuizen of werkplek. Er is hier totaal NIETS aan de hand. Citaat van dampforum : Als je het heel letterlijk neemt zeggen ze dus: De concentraties aangetroffen in de damp, zijn lager dan de toegestane maximale concentraties op de werkplek en lager dan de concentraties toegestaan in medische apparatuur. Dus pas op voor die damp! De conclusie had beter kunnen zijn: Damp van een e-cig is schoner dan de apparaten waar ze u op aansluiten in het ziekenhuis! Pas op voor ziekenhuizen! =Het onderzoek is te vinden op: Endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan Contamination in Electronic Cigarette Products Sold in the United States / https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP3469
It looks like Professor Martin McKee, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, simply invented the allegation to attack the Public Health England report, because he didn’t like its findings. Now a Freedom of Information Act request has revealed that in private emails with the UK’s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies. The disclosed emails also confirm McKee was the writer of the Lancet article. Many British anti-smoking groups criticized this when it was published, concerned at its personal attacks on scientists who published results the then-anonymous author disliked. What’s most worrying about recent disclosures is that Sally Davies, an outspoken opponent of e-cigs who’s faced criticism for saying smokers should “just grow a backbone” and quit, has been exchanging hundreds of emails with a small group of anti-vaping activists while not supporting the Department of Health’s own report on the subject. There are likely to be questions about why pressure groups and campaigners, many of them funded by the pharmaceutical industry, seem to enjoy privileged access to the government’s Chief Medical officer.
Juul, reactie negatief onderzoek. (wegens vanillin-overdosis) -
vanillin-overdosis gebruikt in onderzoek. Onderzoek Voor ouders die kinderen hebben die 70 juul pods per dag gebruiken. Zeker iets om je zorgen over te maken, want dat overleef je niet.
Certain Juul Ingredients Could Inflame Airways, Study Suggests
www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2019/07/31/certain-juul-ingredients-could-inflame-airways-study-suggests/
JUUL electronic cigarette products linked to cellular damage -
This is easily the worst press release I've ever seen for a vaping study. The study itself is so ridiculous that they only talk about it briefly before veering off to flavors, nicotine strength, popcorn lung, campus vaping policy, and suggested FDA rules.
In other medical research, cell studies are preliminary indicators that larger, more robust studies are called for. In vaping research, they’re a way to achieve headlines and grants. No serious research ever follows. It’s a field of meaningless cell studies and press releases.
=>High Nicotine Electronic Cigarette Products: Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations.
The nicotine concentrations are sufficiently high to be cytotoxic, or toxic to living cells, when tested in vitro with cultured respiratory system cells
https: // pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00381
A research team led by Prue Talbot, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology - University of California, Riverside, and James F. Pankow, a professor of chemistry as well as civil and environmental engineering at Portland State University, Oregon
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-04-juul-electronic-cigarette-products-linked.html
Het UK Kanker research insituut reageert op hun eigen blog: Headlines saying ‘vaping might cause cancer’ are wildly misleading https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2018/01/30/headlines-saying-vaping-might-cause-cancer-are-wildly-misleading/ Reactie op: Headlines saying ‘vaping might cause cancer’ are wildly misleading https://www.eurekalert .org/ pub_releases/2018-01/potn-ead012418.php E-cigarette smoke damages DNA and reduces repair activity in mouse lung, heart, and bladder as well as in human lung and bladder cells, reports a new study, published in PNAS. Prof. Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), said: “Human cells were submerged in nicotine and in off-the-shelf bought carcinogenic nitrosamines. It is not surprising of course that this damaged the cells, but this has no relationship to any effects of e-cigarettes on people who use them. “In the other part of this study, animals were exposed to what for them are extremely large doses of nicotine and this also generated some damage, but this too has unclear relevance for effects of vaping. “No comparison with conventional cigarettes was made, but in the text of the article, the authors acknowledge the key bit of information that is of crucial relevance in this story: Vapers show a reduction in these chemicals of 97% compared to smokers. They should have added that his may well be the level that non-smokers obtain from their environment.” Een andere reactie is dit artikel met uitgebreide analyse : https://factsdomatter.co.uk/2018/01/30/e-cigarettes-and-dna-damage/amp/ Hier wordt er op gewezen dat de coil van de E-sigaret niet vervangen werd, en dat in deze setup dry puffs zijn ontstaan omdat de vloeistof niet op tijd aangevuld werd. In dergelijke situaties begint de E-sigaret over te verhitten, en gaat de dampvloeistof verbranden in plaats van te dampen. Dergelijke rook dit ontstaat, in plaats van damp is enorm vies qua smaak en veroorzaakt ook hoesten. Mocht een mens een fout maken die oververhitting zou veroorzaken, dan stop deze direct. En gaat niet door met gebruik daarvan. Maar in proefopstellingen met muizen hebben deze natuurlijk niet de mogelijkheid om de toevoer van de rook te stoppen. En komen ze in ongezonde rook terecht. Dit is een situatie die natuurlijk ook niets zegt over normaal gebruik bij E-sigaretten. Nog een andere artikel als reactie: http://www.casaa.org/news/more-misleading-headlines-about-vaping/ Ook hier wijst men op het feit dat de hoge gebruikte dosis niets te maken hebben met de normale praktijk, en daarom niets zegt over e-sigaretten gebruik. Verder baseert dit onderzoek zich op het feit dat nicotine omgezet wordt in kankerverwekkende stoffen. Er is allang aangetoond dat bij snus gebruikers(snus wat meestal hoger percentage nicotine dan sigarettentabak bevat) bij bevolkingsonderzoek er geen extra kankergevallen bekend zijn in grote bevolkingsgroepen. Dat laatste is voor mij toch doorslaggevend. In dit artikel verwijst men naar een ander onderzoek wat hetzelfde aantoont, geen verband tussen nicotine en kanker. Er zijn wel oude laboratorium onderzoeken waarin men wel verband vindt, maar dat zijn dan ook onderzoeken die niets over de realiteit zeggen, waarbij men niet realistische en zeer zware concentraties nicotine gebruikt bij proefdieren. Verder eindigt het stuk nog met : “Showing DNA damage that may increase the risk of cancer is not even close to the same as showing an actual increased risk,” Nye concluded. “DNA damage occurs regularly, it is a normal part of the biological process in every living thing.”
As is always the case with studies on chemicals, the dose makes the poison. The levels of benzaldehyde that a daily vaper is exposed to, are over 1000 times less than what a worker is allowed to be exposed to. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835129 benzaldehyde was evaluated by the National Toxicology Program, which found no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats, and some evidence of carcinogenicity in mice. Several studies have suggested that Benzaldehyde can have carcinostatic or antitumor properties. Overall, at the concentrations used in cosmetics, Benzaldehyde was not considered a carcinogenic risk to humans. carcinostatic or antitumor = stopt de groei van kanker, of vertraagt de groei van kanker
Dit commentaar betreft het volgende onderzoei: Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26822067 Het is de amaldelgeur, en komt in vruchten voor, waaronder in abrikozen, kersen, laurierbladeren, perzikzaden en als amygdaline in bepaalde noten en zaden. En het wordt gebruikt als geurstof voor het samenstellen van parfum. https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaldehyde Het meeste benzaldehyde dat mensen binnen krijgen is afkomstig van natuurlijke voedsel.
Humans are far more resistant to small doses of chemicals than are cells in a petri dish. Famed biologist Bruce Ames wrote in 2000, “Humans have many natural defenses that buffer against normal exposures to toxins…Examples of general defenses include the continuous shedding of cells exposed to toxins. The surface layers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, skin and lungs are discarded every few days; DNA repair enzymes, which repair DNA that was damaged from many different sources; and detoxification enzymes of the liver and other organs.” (abstract here). We should be guided by the probability and extent of harm, not by its mere possibility. The search for possibilities is endless and it trivializes the subject.
Gaat over verslag van een zogenaamd onderzoek, waarbij de onderzoekers niet kunnen rekenen. Appels met peren vergelijken. Niet aangeven hoe en waarmee ze hun zogenaamde onderzoek gedaan hebben. En elke stap die wel zichtbaar is foutief uitgevoerd hebben. Jammer genoeg wordt dit wel als een officieel onderzoek over de E-sigaret gepresenteerd. Met alle gevolgen van dien, rokers die bang gemaakt worden om de e-sigaret als hulpmiddel te gebruiken.
What they wanted to find here was evidence that HnB is just as bad for you as smoking. Now, this is obviously a ridiculous idea. Probably the most harmful single ingredient in cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide, which is produced by combustion, and HnB doesn’t involve combustion. What they actually mean is that one specific effect of HnB is the same as an effect of smoking. That is obviously not the same thing as saying that using HnB is as bad for you as smoking is. In this case they’re talking about something that isn’t really bad for you at all. Smoking cigarettes is really bad for your heart. Smoking cigarettes also causes short-term stiffness in your arteries every time you light up and take a puff. But these two facts are not connected. It isn’t the short-term stiffness that makes cigarettes bad for your heart; it’s the couple of hundred daily doses of carbon monoxide, which causes long-term stiffness and the build-up of arterial plaque. Many other things also cause short-term stiffness – caffeine, watching scary movies and exercise are among them. It doesn’t matter, though, because it only lasts a few minutes. Smoking is dangerous because it makes your arteries stiffer all the time, plus promote the build-up of plaque which slowly blocks them. iQOS, being free of carbon monoxide, doesn’t do this.
This is based on a conference abstract, not a published study. The abstract did not measure any association between e-cigarette use and bladder cancer. It evaluated chemicals linked with bladder cancer in the urine of 13 e-cigarette users compared 10 non-users as controls.
The problems with this abstract are:
Very low sample size
Non-verified smoking cessation in e-cigarette users (history taking only, no verification with exhaled carbon monoxide)
No inclusion of smoking controls for comparison
It is unknown if and how these compounds are formed in the e-cigarette aerosol
The biomarkers measured are not established biomarkers of smoking exposure
For both chemicals, there is significant exposure from the environment and studies have shown similar levels excreted from smokers and non-smokers. That is why these biomarkers are non-specific of smoking exposure.
Harvard studie over Diacetyl en Acetylpropionyl -
In de EU onder de TPD is diacetyl verboden in dampvloeistoffen.
Cancer Research UK :
Tweet van Cancer REsearch UK :
MYTH BUSTER: Many smokers worry that switching to e-cigarettes may cause ‘popcorn lung.’ But the chemical thought to be responsible for the disease is banned in the EU.
Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37913-9
Reactie vanuit het dampforum:
Onderzoekers kijken naar de ondergrens van eerder vast gesteld schadelijk niveau (25ppm diacetyl, 100ppm 2,3-pentanedione). Besluiten dit te herhalen en stellen vast dat dit klopt. Wat ze zijn vergeten is te kijken naar de dosis waarin deze stoffen in e-liquid aanwezig is en die te testen. Wat hebben we geleerd, ga niet 12 tot 24 uur zwemmen in deze dosis.
Harvard onderzoek vindt diacetyl en Acetoin in damp van diverse smaken dampvloeistof (niet bij alle smaken). De gevonden hoeveelheid is 10 tot 100 maal minder dan in rook van tabak. Maar het beste is deze stoffen totaal te vermijden in dampvloeistof. Diacetyl wordt gebruikt als een boterachtige smaakstof, bijvoorbeeld bij koek- en gebaksmaken. Bij erg jarenlang gebruik kunnen deze stoffen chronische longziekten veroorzaken bij mensen die er gevoelig voor zijn.
Shameful! Prof. Glantz claims study shows ecigs double heart attack risk. The study finds no such thing. It shows heart attack survivors are more likely to use ecigs to quit than others. Impossible to make any causal link. https://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2018/02/new-study-concludes-that-vaping-causes.html Omdat dit een cross-sectionele studie is en omdat respondenten werd gevraagd of ze ooit een hartaanval hadden gehad, kan niet worden vastgesteld of de hartaanvallen gevolgd zijn door e-sigaretten of daaraan voorafgingen.Met andere woorden, we weten niet of e-sigaret gebruik voorafging aan de hartaanval voor een van de proefpersonen.Het is heel goed mogelijk dat in de meeste van deze gevallen de rokers een hartaanval kregen en daarna begonnen met een e-sigaret in een poging om te stoppen met roken.In feite is dit de meest waarschijnlijke verklaring voor de waargenomen onderzoeksresultaten. Heart Foundation misinterprets results of vaping study The study of asked 70,000 US adults about their vaping habits and whether they had had a heart attack. It found that heart attacks were twice as common in daily e-cigarette users compared to non-vapers. The authors wrongly concluded that daily vaping doubles the risk of heart attack. The study does not identify whether the heart attacks occurred before or after starting vaping. Respondents were asked, ‘Have you EVER been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had a heart attack (also called myocardial infarction)?'. It is very likely that smokers who have had a heart attack and were unable to quit smoking tried vaping afterwards to help them quit. Obviously the vaping did not cause the heart attack in those cases. However, all heart attacks were included in the analysis irrespective of the timing, which was not known. Is the finding plausible? The claim in the study contradicts all the science and expert opinion on the cardiovascular risks from vaping. Most of the risk to the heart from smoking is from toxins and chemicals which are either absent from vapour or are present at trace levels. The cardiovascular risks from vaping are almost entirely due to nicotine which has only a relatively minor effect on heart disease. Smoking is the single most important risk factor for a heart attack and triples the risk. If a patient has smoked for 30 years, then switches to an e-cigarette and has a heart attack 6 months later, the previous tobacco smoking is clearly the most likely explanation. Expert reactie door Prof Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, en Dr Lion Shahab, Associate Professor of Health Psychology, UCL : http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-e-cigarettes-and-risk-of-heart-attacks/ Ook nog het feit dat Glanz niet kan rekenen wanneer het kansberekening betreft. Hij telt zomaar kansen bij elkaar op, op plaatsen waar dat niet kan. Je kunt vaak kansen vaak helemaal niet bij elkaar optellen als optelsommetjes. https://antithrlies.com/2018/08/27/dual-use-and-the-arithmetic-of-combining-relative-risks/ Voor wie nog meer over de rekenfeiten wil weten : https://velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.com/2011/11/heart-miracles-are-impossible.html Het "onderzoek" : https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(18)31871-3/fulltext Verder is er met Glanz nog wel iets anders aan de hand: http://www.sfexaminer.com/ucsf-professor-faces-second-sexual-harassment-lawsuit/ Blijkbaar bij 1 van de dames schikking over seksuele intimidatie. Waarvan hij blijkbaar ook een onderzoek van haar "gejat" had, dus op zijn naam geschreven. Aanklacht van de andere dame loopt nog. (Toegevoegd : His investigation found him guilty of sexually harassing several students. UCSF already decided.) https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/16/stanton-glantz-ucsf-sexual-harrassment/ dec. 2018 Glantz Debunked :"Doctors at the University of California (UCLA) have taken Stanton Glantz to task over his claims that vaping is linked to heart attacks" : https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(18)32006-3/fulltext
Volkomen onterechte jongeren gateway claim A case in point is the Pediatrics article by University of California San Francisco's Benjamin W. Chaffee, Shannon Lea Watkins, and Stanton A. Glantz (here) that features a totally baseless claim: “Among adolescent cigarette experimenters, using e-cigarettes was positively and independently associated with progression to current established smoking.” Betreft het onderzoek met titel : Electronic Cigarette Use and Progression From Experimentation to Established Smoking.
Glantz / Expert reactie : Another Smoking Cessation Study Fails To Understand Smoking Cessation -
Is een kritische reactie op onzin van Stanton Glantz :
E-cigarettes Associated With Depressed Smoking Cessation: A Cross-sectional Study of 28 European Union Countries
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379717307493
E-cigarette users in Europe (including England) are less likely to quit smoking conventional cigarettes: Results challenge PHE recommendation that e-cigarettes be used in hospitals
https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/e-cigarette-users-europe-including-england-are-less-likely-quit-smoking-conventional-cigarettes-results-challenge-phe-recommendation-e-cigarettes-be-used-hospitals
Dit gaat over een Duitse misinterpretatie van een eerder uitgevoerd onderzoek. Men meent gevonden te hebben dat de e-sigaret formaldehyde produceert. Men houdt er geen rekening mee dat het menselijk lichaam formaldehyde produceert en uitademt. In elke uitademing zit een kleine hoeveelheid. De onderzoekers hebben aangegeven dat de kleine hoeveelheid gemeten formaldehyde door het lichaam geproduceerd is. Maar blijkbaar weet men dit in Duitsland te interpreteren als gevaarlijk en kankerverwekkend. Misschien moeten we maar stoppen met adem halen.
Geen Vitamine E-olie dampen -
In 2000,tests revealed the woman had lipoid pneumonia. But there was no explanation as to what caused it.
The woman admitted to inhaling home brews of marijuana oil made with either petroleum jelly or vitamin E oil, repeatedly.
She and fellow physicians published the case report in the Canadian Respiratory Journal in the summer of 2000.
Twelve years later, the first vaping-related pneumonia case showed up in the medical literature in the U.S.
These studies consistently ignore the obvious alternative causal pathways, particularly that observed associations might represent causation in the opposite direction (smoking causes people to seek low-risk alternatives) or confounding (the same individual characteristics increase the chance of using any tobacco product).
In an extraordinary leap of logic, a report in Tobacco Control links “ever” use of e-cigarettes – even a single experimental puff – to subsequent “ever” use of cigarettes.
"These findings suggest that oxidative stress/damage resulting from Juul use may be lower than that from cigarettes or other e-cig devices; (...) that Juul might be a useful electronic cigarette for oxidant reduction in smokers looking to quit"
By Dr Farsalinos Dit is een reactie op een totaal belachelijk onderzoek, dat de titel heeft : Session D22 - CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH IN SMOKING CESSATION AND E-CIGARETTES A6245 / 402 - E-Cigarette Use Is Associated with Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis and COPD: www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/4499/presentation/19432 Kortweg komt het er op neer dat wanneer mensen levenslang al intensief gerookt hebben, en de laatste paar jaar over gestapt zijn van tabak roken naar E-sigaret gebruik. Dan kun je niet gaan concluderen dat ziekten als COPD en Longkanker de E-sigaret als oorzaak hebben. Dat is een volkomen onlogische gedachte zelfs. Je zou kunnen zeggen dat je totaal niet weet wat de oorzaak is. Maar gezien het feit dat de hoeveelheid gevaarlijke stoffen in tabaksrook heel veel groter zijn, en bepaald zijn op minstens 95% meer risicovol, dan is het raar om de oorzaak bij een paar jaar E-sigaret gebruik te zoeken, en dat als verklaring te gebruiken.
Cardioloog en wetenschappelijk onderzoeker Farsalinos laat zien dat uit dit onderzoek totaal geen zinnige conclusies te trekken zijn, omdat wat men doet totaal buiten alle realiteit staat. Een deel van de studie onderzocht de acute effecten van het gebruik van e-sigaretten of tabakssigaretten door het verzamelen van serum van 5 rokers en 4 e-sigaretgebruikers (2 van hen waren dubbele gebruikers) en het meten van verschillende markers van ontsteking en respons van endotheelcellen in vitro . Dit deel van het onderzoek heeft een beperkte waarde, omdat het niet relevant is voor de effecten van smaken en er zijn maar heel weinig deelnemers bij betrokken. Ik vraag me echter af hoe moeilijk het is om exclusieve e-sigaretgebruikers in de VS te vinden, zodat je kunt voorkomen dat exclusieve en dubbele gebruikers in één groep worden gecombineerd. Twitter : https://twitter.com/GregTHR/status/1133463977361575937 Waar vind je dit onzinnige onderzoek? Hier: Do the properties of cinnamon change when it is present in e-cigarette liquids? The pro-inflammatory/oxidative and anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant properties of cinnamaldehyde http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/2019/270-cin-heart
Conclusies over roken en e-sigaret gebruik over jongeren/tieners die zijn getrokken in dit onderzoek zijn onterecht. Lees de reacties van Lees de reactie van Prof. Ann McNeill en Prof. Peter Hajek “The authors misinterpret their findings. Like several previous studies of this type, this one just shows that people who try things, try things. The authors measured frequency of e-cigarette use at baseline but did not report it, simply using an ever use measure which could simply be one puff on an e-cigarette. The authors seem to argue that trying one puff of an e-cigarette caused some young people to try tobacco smoking within the next 16 months. If so, we would be seeing large increases in tobacco smoking, but instead we are seeing marked declines in youth tobacco smoking since e-cigarettes came on the market. This suggests e-cigarettes are actually helping young people not to smoke tobacco cigarettes (something this study did not even consider). “The gateway hypothesis in the addictions field is frequently used but is highly contested as it has a poor evidence base in general. This study does nothing to strengthen that evidence base.”
Dit betreft het onderzoek gepubliceerd 11feb 2019 : IQOS exposure impairs human airway cell homeostasis: direct comparison with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette - https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/5/1/00159-2018 Reactions to a study published in ERJ Open Research which claims that heat-not-burn eCig devices can alter lung function and may not be a safer option than cigarette or cCig vaping. Expert reactie : Blijkbaar cellen in een petrischaaltje bestookt in niet realistische concentratie damp, en dry puffs. (In het menselijk lichaam hebben cellen een immuunsysteem en ander regulerende mechanismen, die bij losse cellen in laboratorium omstandigheden ontbreken)
Dit is een reactie waarbij duidelijk gemaakt wordt dat in het onderzoek een causaal verband gelegd wordt wat er helemaal niet is. Alsof experimenterende pubers niet meer met tabak roken zullen experimenteren wanneer men experimenteren met e-sigaretten niet zou gebeuren. Buiten het feit dat men daarnaast ook geen rekening houdt met het feit dat jongeren beter met e-sigarettten kunnen experimenteren daar die minstens 95% gezonder zijn. En jongeren over het algemeen met nicotine vrije e-sigaretten experimenteren. Een andere reactie op die onderzoek is hier te vinden: http://colinmendelsohn.com.au/posts/vaping-myths-can-we-please-stick-evidence/ Het originele onderzoek is hier te vinden : http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/263437
Prof. Linda Bauld, Professor of Health Policy at the University of Stirling reageert op dit onderzoek, de gegevens worden niet vergeleken met resultaten bij tabak roken. Waarbij de e-sigaret gebruik er beter van af komt vergeleken met tabak roken.
expert reaction to report on nicotine and toxicant exposure in vapers and smokers -
This JAMA Network Open paper is important, being the most comprehensive study of its type yet published (more subjects tested, more biomarkers measured and an impressive collection of world class expertise among the authors)
The paper shows that e-cigarette users are exposed to some harmful chemical compounds but mostly at much lower levels than smokers. The absence of tobacco and combustion products generally means that the levels of most harmful chemicals is much lower in e-cigarette vapour than in tobacco smoke as long as vapers don’t exceed the manufacturer’s recommended power settings. For smokers who switch to vaping in order to reduce their exposure to harmful chemicals while continuing to satisfy their need for nicotine: quit smoking entirely otherwise your exposure will remain at high levels. For those who neither vape nor smoke: don’t be tempted to start vaping as the “safer.
Expert reaction to nicotine use in male mice and offspring’s cognitive ability -
Prof Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), said: “The press release appears hugely cavalier in blurring the distinction between mice and men (and not even stating that it is talking about mice rather than people in the middle paragraph). Twelve 8-10 week old mice were forced to absorb what for them are huge doses of nicotine for the next 12 weeks and this seems to have severely damaged their sperm and their offspring. Such studies rarely translate to human smokers.”
"grossly misleading", "major failure of peer review", "not scientific" Prof. Robert West, Prof. Linda Bauld, Rosanna O’ Connor, Prof. Peter Hajek, Prof. Ann McNeill Lees ook:
Reacties van expert op onderzoek met titel : Increased Cardiac Sympathetic Activity and Oxidative Stress in Habitual Electronic Cigarette Users. Het gaat hier dus om een effect dat nicotine veroorzaakt. Dit effect was dus ook al bekend van nicotine. Niets nieuws onder de zon. Dus vreemd dat men zich niet druk maakt over andere stoppen met roken producten. Vergelijkbaar effect dus als cafeïne in koffie.
expert reaction to conference talk on tobacco products, e-cigarettes, and exposure to carcinogens, being presented at the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) conference -
“Although carcinogens could be detected in the urine of smokers, the statement (in the title of the press release) that e-cigarette use is linked to oral cancer is not supported by the data presented in this poster abstract.
Prof Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, said:
“The headline of this peculiar press release directly contradicts the actual study findings. The study did not find levels of carcinogens in vapers that would indicate cancer risk (e.g. 4-pg/mg of NNL compared to 869-pg/ml in smokers; the value for non-smokers is not provided but it is likely to be similar to vapers). The headline should have been ‘Tobacco products BUT NOT E-CIGARETTES linked to cancer risk’.”
Yet another study that completely disregards the fact that the "particulate matter" in e-cig aerosol is essentially liquid droplets, not black carbon particles or other solids. The effect of PG and VG are well studied. There is no excuse for this. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/10/2172
ecig vapour and cancer in mice -
Expert reactie : It would be wrong to conclude from this study that vaping is carcinogenic in humans. Notably, the authors do not state that their study is conclusive – only that it warrants further research, which is a balanced conclusion to make and is something it would be difficult to disagree with.
Doet de berekening van een onderzoek over het gateway effect over. En toont aan dat opnieuw in een "jongeren onderzoek over e-sigaretten" er manipulatie met cijfers en vreemde conclusies hebben plaats. Blijkbaar een standaard issue. Het betrof dit onderzoek: E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/10/peds.2016-0379
Een onderzoek met conclusies en uitspraken gebaseerd op te weinig kennis en spraakverwarringen wat drippen eigenlijk is. Reactie van Riccardo Polosa (Professor of Internal Medicine aDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy)
Slechte kwaliteit studie- Er is bij dit onderzoek totaal geen rekening gehouden met het feit dat e-sigaret gebruikers ex-rokers zijn. En dat bij in sputum van e-sigaret gebruikers hetzelfde gemeten wordt al bij ex-rokers. - Prof R Polosa : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHoGoiDi_NA&feature=youtu.be&t=1h51m47s
Daar de feitelijke gegevens over dit onderzoek niet bekend gemaakt zijn, moet je de feiten zien te achterhalen met wat er in het korte persbericht en artikelen terug te vinden is. Prof. Olfert and team examined four female mice that were exposed to e-cigs acutely (a single exposure that lasted for 5 minutes) and six female mice that were exposed to e-cigs chronically (for 4 hours every day over 5 days per week, for 8 months). De uitgangshypothese van de onderzoekers was dat e-sigaret gebruik even schadelijk voor het bloedvatstelsel zou zijn als tabak roken. Op zich al een wat vreemde hypothese, daar bekend is dat de ingrediënten in e-sigaretten niet schadelijk zijn voor de bloedvaten. En bij verdamping zou dan ineens op miraculeuze wijze een hele hoop schadelijkheid toegevoegd moeten zijn. "The e-cigs they used were cappuccino-flavored and contained 18 milligrams of nicotine per milliliter." Verder kun je je afvragen waarom bij een experiment met muizen met hun kleine lichaampjes met de zwaarst verkrijgbare concentratie sterkte nicotine dampvloeistof (18mg per ml) gewerkt is. Zelfs veel mensen ervaren deze als veel te zwaar en gebruiken 2 tot 4 maal mindere sterkte. De capaciteit van een muizenong ten opzichte van een mensenlong verhoudt zich als 1 : 6000. Zonder speciale maatregelen zou dit voor mensen betekenen : 6000 x 18 mg/ml = 108.000 mg/ml voor mensen Ruim boven de dodelijke concentratie. Bloedvatproblemen zijn bij dergelijke concentraties een bijkomstigheid. De vraag is hoe ze het toegediend hebben. Wanneer je een muis zoals een mens een e-sigaret zou laten gebruiken met 18mgr/ml nicotine zou hij snel dood zijn. Maar blaas je het in een ruimte waar die muis ook vertoeft, dankun je niet bepalen hoeveel die muis daadwerkelijk aan nicotine of damp heeft ingeademd en hoeveel damp neerslaat op de wanden van z'n hokje. De muizen werden langdurig blootgesteld aan damp met voor muizen geconcentreerde nicotine. De onderzoekers schrijven dat een enkele blootstelling aan e-sigaret damp voldoende kan zijn om beperkingen in de functie je bloedvaten te bewerkstelligen. Dit is zo onzinnig, want daar hiervan nooit iets is aangetoond bij mensen. En er lopen onderwijl wel heel veel dampers, die onder controle van artsen staan rond op deze wereld. Daarnaast zou dan ook direct alle concerten en feesten met rookmachines een groot acuut gevaar vormen. Het lijkt er dus toch op dat ze het over de werking van nicotine hebben. Want nicotine kan zorgen dat slagaders tijdelijke onschadelijke wat stijver worden. Een effect dat sporten ook heeft. Maar van nicotine is in Zweden door onderzoeken met snus gebruik aangetoond dat nicotinegebruik geen extra ziekten en doden onder mensen oplevert. Verder is waar ze het over hebben indirect "bewijs"; ze nemen waar dat de bloedvaten samentrekken, en vertellen daarbij dat er een verband is tussen het samentrekken van de bloedvaten en een verhoogd risico op een hartaanval of beroerte. Maar daar zijn echt veel meer factoren voor nodig. De forumlering van de tekst is dan ook misleidend. Men heeft het de hele tijd over e-sigaretten terwijl het onderzoek dan gaat over de werking van nicotine. Uiteindelijk zijn er zinnigere artikelen/onderzoeken over dit onderwerp te lezen: gezondheidsnieuws - tijdelijke stijfheid slagaders is natuurlijk proces Ook interessant over dit onderwerp is: https://www.clivebates.com/when-you-thought-public-health-could-go-no-lower-it-just-did/#more-4311
And in a widely circulated 2013 column and a 2015 research paper, Ebbert advised clinicians to be “justifiably circumspect in recommending e-cigarettes” for smokers until there is more data. But the fine print at the end of both lists the following “potential” conflicts of interest: “Joe (sic) O. Ebbert, MD, MSc, reports receiving grants from JHP Pharmaceuticals, Orexigen, and Pfizer outside the submitted work; he also reports receiving personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline.” Pfizer makes Nicotrol NS, a nicotine nasal spray, and Chantix. The company’s website and a ProPublica database show Ebbert racked up $646,584 between 2010 and 2014 in research grants. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which is responsible for Zyban and Nicorette gum and lozenges, paid Ebbert $7,129 in consulting fees in 2010 and 2011. The Mayo clinic, Ebbert, and GSK did not respond to Watchdog.org requests for comment.
Ik ben blij met dit stuk. Hoewel in het Engels geschreven, goede uitleg. Want wat een onzin in het kader van e-sigaretten en batterijen zien we regelmatig in de media langs komen.....
25μM nic/day = avg smoker. 500μM was selected as it was concentration at which we saw harm from e-cigarette aerosol" ? At nic levels authors describe as typical of a smoker, +/- no negative e-cigarette aerosol effects were found. Only at doses 20x higher. 25μM nicotine per dag wordt gebruikt door gemiddelde roker. In het onderzoek wordt 16 maal hogere hoeveelheid gebruikt.
Dual use is one of two things. 1. You use both tobacco AND e-cigarettes because you like both and don’t want to stop your tobacco use. 2. You haven’t found your “taste” and “strength” yet and until you do, will use both.
Betreft : Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory response: http://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x Dr. Farsilinos: I don't think you (or any other non expert) will be able to understand such studies. I don't think you should pay any attention to such research. How can a study on a simple cell line hit the mainstream media? That is ridiculous. COPD is a multifactorial disease with so many contributing factors that any such conclusions from a cell study are a joke. With the airflow and time the coil is heated for there to be combustion of the liquid rather than simple evaporation.
Simpel gezegd Nee. COPD komt heel weinig voor bij jongeren. Ten eerste worden de verkeerde vragen gesteld, waarmee COPD niet vastgesteld kan worden. En wordt er raar met data gegoocheld. En de media maakt er daarna nog meer onzin van.
Frank Baeyens : “The elements of interest were cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), Arsenic (As) & chromium (Cr) (..) The refill liquids tested were proved to be well below the concentrations defined by regulatory authorities for inhalant medicines.” https://twitter.com/FBaeyens/status/988501476556328962
De Portland onzin over e-sigaretten -
Onderzoek waarin te zware batterij zorgt voor verbranding zorgt. Herhaald onderzoek toont geen verbrandings, en onderzoek is niet relevant. Men weigert onderzoek in te trekken.
little about what might actually happen in real humans. Second, the cigarette smoke was applied at a much lower intensity, because otherwise it killed the cells altogether. So how can you possibly conclude that vaping is no worse than smoking, when smoking is so harmful it kills the cells altogether and makes it impossible to do the experiment? It is also odd that the results for cigarettes are not presented at all for some of the assays. But the paper still shows that the e-cigarette extract was harming cells, so that’s still a worry, right? Well, there is the question of dose. “In this particular study, it was similar to someone smoking continuously for hours on end, so it’s a higher amount than would normally be delivered,” Well, most things probably damage cells in culture if used at a high enough dose, so I don’t think this study really tells us much. All it tells us is that cigarettes do far more damage to cell cultures than e-cigarette vapour does. Because, and I can’t emphasise this point enough, THEY COULDN’T DO THE STUDY WITH EQUIVALENT DOSES OF CIGARETTE SMOKE BECAUSE IT KILLED ALL THE CELLS. The paper it was based on http://www.oraloncology.com/article/S1368-8375%2815%2900362-0/fulltext Deze analyse maakt echt duidelijk dat het onzin is. Zelfs de conclusie is uiteindelijk op geloof gebaseerd in plaats van feiten: http://factsdomatter.co.uk/2015/12/degreasing-engines-killing-cells/ http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.nl/2016/01/in-press-release-correction-va.html http://www.clivebates.com/?p=3534 Zelfs de wetenschappers die het onderzoek uitvoerden staan niet achter de bewering dat e-sigaretten even schadelijk zijn als sigaretten. Deze bewering is onterecht in een persbericht geplaatst en wat klakkeloos overgenomen werd door journalisten, die blijkbaar nooit het onderzoek lazen. http://ecita.org.uk/ecita-blog/vaping-safer-smoking http://dailycaller.com/2016/01/13/read-the-stunning-correction-this-scientist-dropped-on-her-own-anti-e-cig-study/ http://www.naplesnews.com/news/health/E-cigarettes-damage-DNA-in-lab-study-364023291.html http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.nl/2016/01/new-year-begins-with-anti-vaping.html?m=1
De vloeistof waar de cellen in zwommen is totaal niet te vergelijken met dampen van e-sigaret dan wel roken. En ook niet met tabak roken. [“The cells were swimming in the solution for up to eight weeks with the treatment media being replaced every three days. That’s 24 hours a day for up to eight weeks. The lead author states: her team didn’t seek to mimic the actual dose of vapor that an e-cigarette user would get.”] Dus de cellen zwemmen in een oplossing, die geen overeenkomsten heeft met de damp van e-sigaretten? Waar gaat dit onderzoek dan eigenlijk over?
Daarnaast waren de cellen die in de SIGARETTEN-oplossing zwommen na 24 uur dood. Zodat in dit onderzoek geen verdere uitgebreide vergelijking met E-sigaretten daarmee plaats kan vinden. Net zo min dat in realistische omstandigheden iemands longen in 1 dag afsterven bij roken, kun je concluderen dat er iets kapot gaat in de nog levende cellen die zwemmen in de e-sigaretten vloeistof. Deze laatste cellen overleefden acht weken, in een vloeistof die om de drie dagen ververst werd.
Ook waren de cellen die gebruikt werden in dit onderzoek bewerkt: Bewerkt voor het laboratorium gebruik, en niet volledig te vergelijken met cellen in het menselijke lichaam.
Verder is concentratie van stoffen van belang bij in vitro en ander onderzoek. Dat geldt ook voor allerlei stoffen die wij als zeer onschuldig kennen, zijn dodelijk in hoge concentratie. In alle (in vitro) onderzoeken geldt dat bij niet realistische concentraties er werkelijk niets zinnigs te zeggen is over gewone omstandigheden in de praktijk. DE ONDERZOEKER CONCUDEERT NA DIT ALLES : dat sigaretten gebruik gevaarlijker is dan e-sigaretten te gebruiken? ????? Na alle feiten lijkt dit gedaan in een volledige vlaag van verstandsverbijstering.
Those promoting this study are focusing on the three-day effects but failing to mention that the four week follow up showed adverse respiratory effects ONLY after exposure to cigarette smoke - NOT to e-cig vapor. Een uitgebreide reactie is te lezen in dit artikel https://www.planetofthevapes.co.uk/news/vaping-news/2018-10-16_mice-madness.html Actual details of the constituents of the juices used is scant, but they do say that they used a “chromium coil” – we all use those, right?! There is no indication of the concentrations of flavour agents used. Then they used a puff regime to draw vapour into a chamber that subjected the mice to whole body exposure, just like vaping isn’t. Feitelijke details van de bestanddelen van de gebruikte vloeistoffen zijn heel beperkt, maar ze zeggen wel dat ze een "chroom coil" gebruikten - Die gebruiken we toch allemaal ?! Er zijn geen aanwijzingen voor de concentraties van gebruikte smaakstoffen. Daarna gebruikten ze een inhaleer schema om damp in een kamer te brengen die de muizen blootstelde aan blootstelling over het hele lichaam, dat is dus niet te vergelijken met dampen.
Reactie op vreemde media berichten. Een onderzoek waarbij men ingaat op het feit dat dampen bloedvaten iets stijver kan laten worden. Het feit dat plezier beleven of koffie drinken en een hele hoop dagelijkse zaken hetzelfde effect veroorzaken, wordt blijkbaar overzien. Naast het feit dat dit wat stijver worden na een half uurtje niet meer te constateren. Ook zijn er geen schadelijke gevolgen van. Hoewel men dat wel insinueert. Vandaar de titel dat koffie even schadelijk is als roken, daar zowel een kop koffie drinken als een sigaret roken dit effect heeft.
The study in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry by researchers from Australia and Finland aimed to determine if SMOKING CAUSED schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are more likely to smoke and it is important to find out if smoking is one of the causes. The study finding was that the current evidence is inconclusive,. Having failed to prove their theory, the authors then seized on another newsworthy angle. They suggested that if smoking DOES cause schizophrenia (having not shown that it does), then the cause is MOST LIKELY to be NICOTINE. This is followed by policy suggestions to restrict vaping with nicotine because of the potential harm to young vapers.
Een onderzoek waar je niets aan hebt, maar blijkbaar tot bangmakerijk moet leiden. De muizen kregen overdosis die in de buurt kwam tot fataal dodelijk niveau. Dus niet relevant. Staat gelijk aan concluderen dat je ziek wordt aan een dodelijke dosis toegediend vergif. Muizen verteren sneller, snellere hartslag, en dus veel gevoeliger voor stoffen als nicotine. Volgens Peter HaJek viel de schade zelfs nog mee bij de muizen die dit overleefden als je ziet hoe zwaar de dosis voor de muizen was. Er is niet beschreven hoeveel muizen gedurende het experiment overleden zijn aan nicotine vergiftiging. Mensen krijgen bij het gebruik van e-sigaretten bij lange na niet dergelijke hoeveelheden binnen. Voor de hoeveelheden nicotine die mensen bij e-sigaret gebruik binnen krijgen zijn in bevolkingsonderzoeken geen aanwijsbare blijvende ziekten gevonden. Wanneer een damper op een dag wat veel binnen krijgt (niet te vergelijken met dit experiment) dan kun hij/zij duizelig worden en hoofdpijn krijgen. Maar dat gaat vrij snel zonder ernstige gevolgen over. Commentaar van Peter HaJek op dit onderzoek expert op dit vlak: The length of exposure would be relevant if the dosing was comparable, but the damage to mice lungs was caused by doses of nicotine that were many times above anything a human vaper could possibly get. It is the dose that makes the poison. Many chemicals produce damage at large enough doses while lifetime exposure to small enough doses is innocent. To justify the conclusions about toxicity of vaping, the toxic effect would need to be documented with realistic dosing, and then shown to actually apply to humans (who have much better nicotine tolerance than mice) Mice have much faster nicotine metabolism than humans which means that nicotine exposure in mice must be many times higher than in humans to produce the same blood cotinine levels. The mice were severely overdosed with nicotine, up to the lethal levels for mice, and a huge amount above what any human vaper would get.
Paracelsus, the herald of modern toxicology, mentioned in the 16th century that: nothing is a poison and everything is poisonous; solely the dose determines that a thing is not a poison (Sola dosis facit venenum) (1). This principle, which still stands today and forms the basis of the dose-response concept, has been largely ignored by many scientists including the authors of this study. This study represents an unfortunate case of complete failure of the peer-review and editorial process of the journal.
Artikel legt uit waarom een aantal Amerikaanse onderzoeken van het Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), geen conclusies kunnen worden getrokken over een mogelijk gateway effect bij jongeren. Een overstap effect wordt bedoeld, van e-sigaretten naar tabak. Wel wijzen andere onderzoeken in de richting van een way out effect, dus het omgekeerde van een gateway effect. De aanwijzing is dus dat juist minder tabak gebruikt wordt.
Britain cuts heart deaths by almost two thirds after public smoking ban - debunked -
Geen tweederde afname hartziekten na rokers-ban
Note that there has not been a two-thirds reduction in 'heart deaths' since 2007, nor has the rate of decline accelerated. In fact, the rate of decline has slowed. It's not a piece of junk science from tobacco control. It's a perfectly sensible study that has been horribly misreported by The Times.
Wanneer je drugs koopt op de straathoek en dat in je e-sigaret koopt, het dat niets met reguliere e-sigaretten te maken. Maar met het innemen van onverantwoorde stoffen. Met reguliere e-sigaretten is gewoon weinig aan de hand. Oorzaak : drugs van de zwarte markt !! 1 van de onderzoekers, Dr Milton Teske vond een rode draad bij alle gevallen die hij zover heeft onderzocht, pods gevuld met CBD olie afkomstig van de zwarte markt. CBD kan in een e-sigaret, maar niet in olie vorm https://www.countyofkings.com/home/showdocument?id=20469
Beyond the Headlines: Trace Toxins, Present in All Teens, Improperly Blamed on E-Cigarettes -
The authors are on shaky ground in their attribution of higher toxin levels among e-cigarette users to the vapor. A previous study (co-authored by one of the current authors, here) that they cite failed to find any acrolein and crotonaldehyde in vapor from 12 e-cigarettes. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study (here) found that nonsmokers’ urine had up to 245 ng/g of acrolein and up to 158 ng/g of propylene oxide (smokers had far higher levels of both). Thus, toxin levels seen in e-cigarette users in the new UCSF report are not necessarily due to vapor.
The UCSF research ignores a possible alternative source of these contaminants: recent marijuana smoking, as shown in a CDC study that identified elevated VOC levels among tokers (here). As I recently noted (here), marijuana use is more prevalent among teens than vaping or cigarette smoking; data from one federal survey shows that about 40% of teen vapers are current marijuana users. These findings increase the odds that toking impacted results in the new study.
Glantz showed that if you are not trying to quit and use e-cigarettes for some other reason, you might not quit. It is very telling that no-one could be found to support it's publication other than Glantz & the editor. Is it ok when non-expert editors disregard expert reviewers? It makes a complete mockery of the peer review process. Experts: carbage in garbage out, misleading, mixing apples and oranges. This analysis mashed together some very different studies - only some of which include people using e-cigarettes to help them quit. Vanaf 1:19 wordt dit onderwerp behandeld in de radio uitzending over e-sigaretten en stoppen met roken onderzoek Glanz, een meta analyse over gegevensbestanden die komen uit de onderzoeken van de experts die kritiek geven. Conclusies van de experts: carbage in garbage out, misleading, mixing apples and oranges. Uiteindelijk gaan maar 3 van de oorspronkelijke onderzoeken echt over stoppen met roken, en daaruit kan geconcludeerd worden dat e-sigaretten zinvol zijn als hulpmiddel. De BBC heeft ook een geschreven artikel over dit onderwerp Andere manier waarop Glanz ook niet goed in het nieuws komt : https://antithrlies.com/2017/12/10/the-academic-scandal-hiding-within-the-stanton-glantz-sexual-harassment-scandal/ Ook een ander onderwerp waarover Glanz niet wetenschappelijke beweringen doet. Hij praat hier over het niet bewezen gevaar van mobiele telefoons : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIks7iHzsF4
Awareness Failure -
Over onzinonderzoek: E-cigarette Awareness among Young Adults: A Pilot Survey Study
In just one chart, I can summarise just how misled youth in the US really are.
-Nicotine is not a carcinogen
-Nicotine does not cause yellowing of nails (that’s the TAR you muppets)
-Nicotine is not responsible for impotence (that’s the carbon monoxide)
-Nicotine may cause vomiting and nausea when consumed in extremely high quantities – that’s the body forcibly ejecting it. In the levels consumed by smokers & vapers, it doesn’t. It’s called self-titration.
Australian researchers claim to have found the mythical gateway (Australie) -
The study did not find evidence to support the pre-determined conclusion, but the researchers claim to have shown it anyway. They make this conclusion in spite of acknowledging that they cannot draw a causal link (ie that vaping increases the risk of smoking) from this type of study because it is cross-sectional. What this study actually shows is that young people who vape are predisposed to try smoking, just as they are more likely to try alcohol, cannabis and other risky behaviours.
The study media release makes the alarming claim that 'three in five Australian young adults who currently use e-cigarettes are likely to initiate tobacco cigarette smoking in the next six months'. The theoretical claims in this paper are incompatible with what is occurring in the real world.
Onderzoek : E-cigarette use is associated with susceptibility to tobacco use among Australian young adults. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395919301720?via%3Dihub
Waarom muizen en knaagdieren niet geschikt zijn om gezondheidsonderzoek te doen op het vlak van het ademhalingssysteem. Muizen reageren totaal anders op ontstekingen in de luchtwegen dan mensen. Zo is er in onderzoek een goed werkend geneesmiddel tegen tuberculose voor muizen ontwikkeld in onderzoek, wat totaal niet werkt bij mensen. Maar ook andersom, is er een goed antibioticum ontwikkeld voor mensen, dat nooit zou zijn gevonden als men met muizen getest had, omdat het niet werkt bij muizen. Dit grote verschil tussen knaagdieren en mensen is voldoende bekend. Het is daarom niet zinvol om muizen te selecteren als onderzoeksobject. Daar er voldoende mensen van roken over stappen naar dampen, is het altijd mogelijk om mensen te vragen voor je onderzoek. Om zo realistische gegevens te krijgen.
When one empirically analyzes animal models using scientific tools they fall far short of being able to predict human responses. This is not surprising considering what we have learned from fields such evolutionary and developmental biology, gene regulation and expression, epigenetics, complexity theory, and comparative genomics.
because cultivating the truth requires both seeding and weeding. Welcome to the “anti-THR lie of the day” blog from TobaccoHarmReduction.org, a unit of the Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association (casaa.org). THR refers to tobacco harm reduction, the strategy/ethical philosophy/political movement for dealing with the harms from cigarette smoking by encouraging the substitution of low-risk alternatives. As THR has evolved from relative obscurity in the early 2000s, when only a few of us were seriously working on it, to being the defining dynamic of tobacco consumption in the U.S. and other populations, the opposition to it has become increasing aggressive and unethical.
Cause of death: multiple flaws. Een onderzoek van Stanton Glanz met (alweer!) heel veel fouten, zodat inhoudelijk het totaal geen waarde heeft. Maar wel weer in de openbaarheid gebracht, en zo schade aan kan richten.
The new NEJM study that some gloat about showing vaping is not very effective used old cigalikes with 10-15 mg/ml. Any vaper would know why; ineffective nicotine delivery. Cessation rates would reflect more suitably if NGVDs and self-titration methods with realistic nic content, were made more standardised than the primitive #vaping devices that's used in most studies. E-cigs twice as effective as NRT, “In the free nicotine replacement therapy group, only 0.5 percent did, while 1 percent who got free e-cigarettes did so.." But they claim that the difference doesn't reach statistical significance. dus je moet je afvragen, welk verschil zou statistische significantie krijgen? Niet-weerlegbare nulhypothese. Ontworpen om te falen.
But David Abrams, a professor of social and behavioral sciences at the NYU College of Global Public Health at New York University, countered that this study doesn't prove e-cigarettes don't help. Abrams said that the study didn't track whether or not participants actually used the nicotine replacement products or e-cigarettes. In addition, he noted that while more than 6,000 people were invited with instructions to opt out if they didn't want to take part, it's not clear that those who remained in the study had any desire to quit smoking. They might just not have bothered to opt out of the study. "There's something to be said for trying to reach smokers who aren't ready to quit, and the financial incentives had some effect. But we have to be careful not to make more of the results than is there," Abrams said. He also pointed out that other recent research has suggested e-cigarettes can be useful in helping smokers quit. Kenneth Warner, professor and dean emeritus at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, said, "Incentives do work. This study is one more confirmation of that." But, Warner explained that a limitation of this study is that researchers don't know if the incentives worked in the long run. Many smokers relapse in the first and second years of quitting. He also agreed with Abrams that the study wasn't designed to assess whether vaping is an effective smoking cessation technique. https://consumer.healthday.com/cancer-information-5/electronic-cigarettes-970/e-cigarettes-don-t-help-smokers-quit-but-cash-might-734201.html http://dailyvaper.com/2018/06/01/another-journal-misinterprets-randomized-vaping-trial/
This study, is using a 3D printed system to see which chemicals being looked at will interact with genetic material. Remember the last cell study? It’s doing the self-same thing, only this time instead of incredibly expensive machinery, they’ve designed and printed a “cheap” version. These researchers decided that they’ll look at both e-cigarette aerosol, cigarette smoke and contaminated water. Two completely different ends of the scale. Water, and smoking/vaping. Waar het dus op neer komt is dat opnieuw dry puffs gemeten zijn (is oververhitting van het apparaat). Dus de coil is oververhit. Zaken die een gebruiker van e-sigaret nooit zal inhaleren. En dan nog buiten het feit dat je kun zien dat ze een totaal incourante cigalike e-sigart voor de test gebruikt hebben. En het aantal pufs van een e-sigaret dat ze vergelijken als 1 sigaret, dat niet is. Aantal pufs bij de e-sigaret wat wordt beweert kan worden vergeleken met 1 tabak sigaret komt feitelijk overeen met 5 tabak sigaretten. Maar eigenlijk doet dat er al helemaal niet meer toe op het moment dat je een e-sigaret aan het oververhitten bent. Want op dat moment zijn de resultaten al onzinnig geworden. Lees ook het informatieve artikel : thevapestore.nl/e-sigaretten-mogelijk-net-zo-gevaarlijk-als-gewone-sigaretten Cardioloog Farsalinos : "Too much discussion about it, but no info on the device or the puffing patterns. They used a syringe by hand to collect the vapor, which is not really professional..." Er is geen info verstrekt welke e-sigaret gebruikt is of welk inhaleerpatroon gebruikt is. Verder gebruikten ze naalden om met de hand damp te verzamelen, wat niet professioneel is. Robert Cranfield (Universiteit van Alabama) : "Microfluidic arrays were printed from clear acrylate resin using a Formlabs Form1+ stereolithographic 3-D printer. Design files are available on our Web site. Briefly, CAD files incorporating the design were converted to printer instruction files for input to the printer (details in the Supporting Information (SI)). After printing, devices were rinsed internally and externally successively with isopropanol and water, then spray coating with clear acrylic spray (Krylon)." The acrylic spray is full of toxins known to be carcinogens. There are also VOCs in it. Interesting that they would potentially use a contaminated environment to assess comparative damages." " microfluidic arrays werden bedrukt met behulp van een formlabs form1+ stereolithographic 3-d printer. Ontwerp is beschikbaar op onze website. Kort: cad-bestanden waarin het ontwerp is verwerkt, werden omgezet in printer voor input naar de printer (details in de ondersteunende informatie (si). Na het drukken werden de apparaten inwendig bewerkt en naar buiten extern met isopropanol en water, vervolgens met een spray met heldere acryl (krylon)." De acryl zit vol met kankerverwekkende stoffen en VOC´s, vluchtige organische stoffen. Ze gebruiken bij dit onderzoek besmette omgeving om schade te beoordelen. Het is dus niet onwaarschijnlijk dat de genoemde schadelijke stoffen van de 3D printer ZELF komen en/of door de behandeling van de objecten met giftige stoffen.
Betreft onderzoek : Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/10/01/1911321116.short?rss=1
Rodents were exposed to what are for them huge concentrations of chemicals that bear no resemblance to human exposure from vaping. Several animals in fact died during these exposures. “The authors assigned the effects they observed to a carcinogen NNK – but NNK has been measured before in human vapers, and it is known that exposure from vaping is either negligible or none.” En de experts hebben nog een hoop andere opmerkingen over dit onzin onderzoek.
Reactie van diverse expert op insinuerende koppen en inhoud. Conclusie : This type of study can't answer the question posed in the title . Prof. Linda Bauld, zei : “This study does not provide evidence that using e-cigarettes causes young people to become smokers. It simply shows that some teenagers who try an e-cigarette might go on to try tobacco" Ook andere experts reageren. Lees ook bij het Britse Kanker onderzoeks instituut, de reacties, die het met bovenstaande experts eens zijn http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/news-report/2017-08-17-teens-who-vape-might-be-more-likely-to-try-cigarettes-study-suggests Het gaat over een onderzoek met de titel : "Do electronic cigarettes increase cigarette smoking in UK adolescents? Evidence from a 12-month prospective study" Te vinden op tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2017/07/28/tobaccocontrol-2016-053539.full
The study concludes that the use of flavored e-cigarettes by youth is a gateway to future smoking This study makes one of the cardinal mistakes of causal inference: assuming that correlation in a cross-sectional study equals causation. The fact that there is an association between the use of flavored e-cigarettes and higher susceptibility to smoking does not demonstrate that the use of e-cigarettes increases susceptibility to smoking. Because the data are cross-sectional, it could alternatively be the case that higher susceptibility to smoking causes youth to experiment with e-cigarettes. In other words, the direction of this relationship could go either way: from e-cigarettes to an intention to smoke or from an intention to smoke to use of e-cigarettes. One more point: The end point being touted is that youth actually begin smoking. However, that was not measured at all in the data. Youth were only asked whether they MIGHT take up smoking in the future. Ask me what I might do a month or a year (or two) from now and the response I give might not match what I actually DO in the future. Then we have the questions and the choices provided: Among never-smoking youth, the intention to smoke cigarettes was measured on the basis of 2 NYTS questionnaire items: (1) “Do you think you will smoke a cigarette in the next year?” and (2) “Do you think you will try a cigarette soon?” To compound the error in the conclusions drawn by the researchers, the answer choices for these questions included “Definitely yes,” “Probably yes,” “Probably not,” and “Definitely not.” The respondents who answered “Definitely not” to both questions were classified into the group “no intention to initiate cigarette smoking.” The respondents who answered “Definitely yes,” “Probably yes,” or “Probably not” to either of these 2 questions were classified into the group “intention to initiate cigarette smoking. Het onderzoek is te vinden op: pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/11/03/peds.2016-2513
Twitter Reactie op onderzoek : Carbon Monoxide and Small Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sub-ohm Electronic Cigarettes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30656934 ==>"No PG/VG degradation products were detected when Sub-ohm device was operated at P < 100 W" They tested 25-175 watt, but based there conclusions on 125W dry-puff conditions while all tested coils have below 125W specifications. Lees het artikel : Burning Sub-Ohm, waarin beschreven wordt wat voor onzinnigheid deze onderzoekers uitvoeren. Ze maken eigen coils (gloeispiralen voor in een damper) , en maken er een puinhoop van. Zij zorgen optimaal voor verbranding in plaats van verdamping. Het hele onderzoek is ook hier te lezen : http://sci-hub.tw/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00324 Commentaar in tweets : Basically <100w and little CO, up to 2g/m3 at 200w. Design flaw was the coil design - using single wrap 10t 3mm coil at 200w will burn the PG/VG and that is what vapers know that they don't. Hier de tweets hierover : https://twitter.com/plopnl/status/1086678904360894464 https://twitter.com/FBaeyens/status/1086613609826926593
zz-Big Pharma / Big Tobacco geldstromen / sponsoring
Xteen - Does the Doctor Know? -
Voormalig hoofd FDA was in eerste instantie voorstander van de E-sigaret. En was van mening dat de e-sigaret voor veel mensen levensreddend zou zijn. Een paar maanden voor het einde van zijn functie veranderde ineens zijn mening. En begon hij in de media allerlei , niet op feiten berustende, negatieve bangmaak berichten over de e-sigaret te verspreiden. Onduidelijk was waar alles op gebaseerd was. Wil je zijn intenties en verborgen agenda, weten dan moet je dit artikel lezen.
Het erop neer, dat e-sigaretten het probleem niet zijn, want dat dit mensen bij het roken weg krijgt is bekend. Maar wat de farmaceutische industrie wel stoort is het feit dat het niet een uitvinding van de farmaceutische industrie is en dat de farmaceut hierdoor inkomsten mis loopt. Dus zet je iemand op de hoogste post bij de FDA neer die het dampen kapot moet maken en in die tussentijd ontwikkel je zelf iets wat gaat lijken op een e-sigaret, maar dan wel één die goedgekeurd is door de FDA en alleen op doktersrecept verkrijgbaar zal zijn, dan wel bij alle supermarkten verkocht mag worden net zoals de NRT's nu.
Scott kreeg als beloning voor zijn ‘goede werken’ bij de FDA een baan bij Pfizer. Het zelfde bedrijf dat ook champix/chantix op de markt heeft gezet.
Vapers are more prone to suspicion than the average member of the public. As former smokers, they were the victims of subterfuge and duplicity at the hands of big tobacco. But could wild-eyed theories of government collusion with academia, public health interest groups and the media in an effort to wipe out vaping, be true? The answer appears to be yes and the details are not pretty. Michelle Minton, Sr. Fellow from the Competitive Enterprise Institute and author of the exhaustive report “Fear Profiteers: How E-Cigarette Panic Benefits Health Activists,” pulls back the curtain to expose the motives and tactics behind the public health crusade against vaping.
Verschil VS en UK en Nieuw Zeeland In de UK en Nieuw Zeeland wordt door de officiële gezondheidszorg de e-sigaret gepromoot als stoprokenmiddel. Men baseert zich daarbij op jarenlang onderzoek. De publieke gezondheidszorg in de UK en Nieuw-Zeeland worden gefinancierd door subsidies door de overheid en door belastingen. Wanneer minder mensen daar stoppen bespaart de overheid dus op de ziektekosten. Er is voor die landen geen enkele reden om wetenschappelijk onderzoek over stoppen me roken te vervalsen. In de VS krijgt de overheid en vooral de verschillende staten een financieel probleem, wegens schulden door al uitgegeven geld. Zij krijgen minder inkomsten wanneer minder mensen roken. Daaromheen is een commerciële stoprokenmarkt ontstaan(die weinig succesvol is om mensen te laten stoppen met roken). Verder blijkt Big Pharma de e-sigaret als een grote concurrent te zien, en subsidieert anti-reclame. Dit betreft allemaal financieel grote belangen waarbij deze organisaties regelmatig samenwerken om de bevolking zo angstig mogelijk voor e-sigaret te maken. Daarom komt er ook zoveel raar en niet kloppend onderzoek en rare berichten uit de VS over e-sigaretten. Het maakt blijkbaar totaal niet uit of met beetje inzicht en nadenken het zeer makkelijke aantoonbare onzin is. De meeste mensen weten er toch te weinig vanaf en geloven verspreide onzin. Vooral wanneer dat komt van mensen in gezagsdragende posities. Ook in Nederland weet het RIVM zich niet op goed onderzoek te baseren, en wordt er overdreven gevaar geïnsinueerd. Waar dit in Nederland door gemotiveerd wordt is me niet geheel duidelijk. Wel dat men in Nederland verder gaat dan de wetgeving die door de EU vereist wordt, niet op enige goede wetenschappelijke argumenten gebaseerd.
A new lawsuit alleges that Stanton Glantz, a UC San Francisco scientist famous for taking on Big Tobacco, sexually harassed a former researcher and stole credit for her work.
Video Fabeltjes van Glanz over mobiele telefoons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IphRBvPpx7Y CSF antitabaksonderzoeken staan onder leiding van Stanton Glantz Stanton Glantz is o.a. bekend van het zogenaamde "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". meer bekender geworden junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). Beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians in The Times. Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science. Helena miracle : http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html --------------------------------------- Twitter : Stanton Glantz is bekend van het "Helena miracle / heart attack miracles". Junk science geproduceerd door Glantz). In The Times beschreven als : one of the 10 worst junk stats of 2007 by statisticians. http://cantiloper.tripod.com/canti11.html Ook zijn recentere werken getuigen van junk science --------------------------------------- Ook The Lancent zegt dat hij niet objectief is https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(16)30024-8/fulltext The Times : Those figures you read in the newspaper were pretty convincing, right? Think again. Here are some classic idiocies : https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-worst-junk-stats-of-2007-dsb37vhxhsq
Glantz / Expert reactie : Another Smoking Cessation Study Fails To Understand Smoking Cessation -
Is een kritische reactie op onzin van Stanton Glantz :
E-cigarettes Associated With Depressed Smoking Cessation: A Cross-sectional Study of 28 European Union Countries
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379717307493
E-cigarette users in Europe (including England) are less likely to quit smoking conventional cigarettes: Results challenge PHE recommendation that e-cigarettes be used in hospitals
https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/e-cigarette-users-europe-including-england-are-less-likely-quit-smoking-conventional-cigarettes-results-challenge-phe-recommendation-e-cigarettes-be-used-hospitals
Der Spiegel onthult organisaties tegen de E-sigaret -
Een artikel waarin de ernstige belangenverstrengeling en bemoeienis van Big Pharma in de berichtgeving en vooral ook regulering en wetgeving van dampen genadeloos wordt blootgelegd, alsook het gigantische financiële belang dat daaraan ten grondslag ligt. Een paar belangrijke kopstukken in het debacle zijn daarbij genadeloos onder de loep gelegd en vies bevonden.
Dworschaks driedelige artikel heeft tot doel deze verstrengelingen bekend te maken. Het is te hopen, dat daarmee de influisteringen door de Pharmalobby bij politici tot het verleden gaan behoren. Of tenminste een bewsutzijn geschapen wordt, dat deze jongens toch niet zo onzelfzuchtig zijn als ze lijken.
n Duitsland betalen farmaceutische bedrijven forse bedragen aan organisaties die zich keren tegen het roken. Alleen al Pfizer, een van de grootste farmaceutische bedrijven ter wereld, heeft de Duitse NGO ‘Aktionsbündnis Nichtrauchen’ (Alliantie tegen het roken) in 2005 € 180.000 betaald om op bedekte wijze reclame te maken voor haar producten.
Uit het artikel in Der Spiegel blijkt dat farmaceutische bedrijven Duitsland in toenemende mate vechten tegen producenten van e-sigaretten. De reden daarvoor is dat de e-sigaret het meest gebruikte hulpmiddel bij het stoppen met roken is. Als zodanig is de e-sigaret concurrerend voor de producten (pleisters, kauwgums en sprays) en medicijnen die de farmaceuten zelf op de markt brengen. De idealistische anti-rooklobby wordt dus via een omweg gebruikt voor commerciële doeleinden. Het weekblad becijfert dat wat dat betreft de financiële belangen van de farmaceuten groot zijn. De Duitse vereniging van cardiologen nam in 2018 nog een bedrag van ruim 104.000 euro aan. 84.000 euro daarvan ging op aan het jaarcongres. ,,En ziedaar”, concludeert Der Spiegel: ,,Recentelijk gaf de organisatie nog een persverklaring uit waarin het gebruik van de e-sigaret als middel om van het roken af te komen in twijfel wordt getrokken.” (Is dus tegen wat de wetenschap aantoont in)
Dear Senator Warren, the Revolving Door With Gottlieb Didn’t Start at Pfizer -
Though, I want to applaud Senator Warren for examining Scott GottliebMD move to Pfizer. Now, she should look into how US FDA he tried to eliminate e-cigs but now gets paid by the makers of Chantix & previously was paid by the makers of Nicorette.
Conspiracy or coincidence? FDA chief Gottlieb joins Pfizer/Chantix team -
Over the past 40 years, every FDA commissioner – except for one – has left his government job and headed over to Big Pharma. What’s different about the Gottlieb situation is that he’s just spent the past 2+ years demonizing vaping while refusing to endorse e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool. Instead of vaping to quit smoking, the FDA recommends that smokers trying to quit should only purchase FDA-approved products like nicotine patches, gums, lozenges – and Chantix – all of which are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies.
So, does PG stop vapers from getting sick? We still don’t know. Bottom line: it might. It definitely can kill bacteria and viruses. The trick, it seems, might be hitting the microbes at just the right moment with the right amount of PG. That might be difficult, although if you vape regularly you’re probably going to kill some pathogens—but not necessarily in a predictable or reliable way. It may be that the greatest advantage of vaping is that you’re not smoking cigarettes, which of course is the whole point—and a big benefit indeed.
It has been found that propylene glycol vapor dispersed into the air of an enclosed space produces a marked and rapid bactericidal effect on microorganisms introduced into such an atmosphere in droplet form. Concentrations of 1 gm. of propylene glycol vapor in two to four million cc. of air produced immediate and complete sterilization of air into which pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, H. influenzae, and other microorganisms as well as influenza virus had been sprayed.
nic- French researchers to test nicotine patches on coronavirus patients -
French researchers are planning to test nicotine patches on coronavirus patients and frontline health workers after a study suggested smokers may be much less at risk of contracting the virus.
The study at a major Paris hospital suggests a substance in tobacco – possibly nicotine – may be stopping patients who smoke from catching Covid-19. Clinical trials of nicotine patches are awaiting the approval of the country’s health authorities.
Taking into account the age and sex of the patients, the researchers discovered the number of smokers was much lower than that in the general population estimated by the French health authority Santé Publique France at about 40% for those aged 44-53 and between 8.8% and 11.3% for those aged 65-75.
The renowned French neurobiologist Jean-Pierre Changeux, who reviewed the study, suggested the nicotine might stop the virus from reaching cells in the body preventing its spread. Nicotine may also lessen the overreaction of the body’s immune system that has been found in the most severe cases of Covid-19 infection.
Over de onderzoeker en rare beschuldigingen
Jean-Pierre Changeux:
AwardsWolf Prize in Medicine (1982)
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1993)
Sir Hans Krebs Medal (1994)
Balzan Prize (2001)
Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2018)
And you use a tie to the tobacco industry 20 years ago for character assassination?
nic- Franse Studie toont aan dat nicotine zou kunnen beschermen tegen Corona Covid19 -
Franse Studie toont aan dat nicotine zou kunnen beschermen tegen Corona Covid19
Artsen in het grootste ziekenhuis van Parijs zijn verrast door weinig voorkomen van Corona Covid19 bij rokers
Hoe komt het dat rokers veel minder besmet worden met corona covid19? (1 wanneer 4 verwacht wordt)?
nic- A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications -
FRANS ONDERZOEK IN PARIJS ZIEKENHUIS
Based on the current scientific literature and on new epidemiological data which reveal that current smoking status appears to be a protective factor against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 [1], we hypothesize that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Covid-19 infection and might represent a target for the prevention and control of Covid-19 infection.
Charakteristik von 50 hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten mit und ohne ARDS -
Another study appears to show smokers are underrepresented among COVID19 patients, this time from Germany. It says 5 former, 3 current patients with “nicotine abuse”. total N = 50, so 10% former smokers/nicotine users, 6% current.
paper by Farsalinos et al., in which they review some case series data from China and observe that for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the recorded smoking prevalence is far lower than would be expected given the population prevalence. The US CDC also released data a couple of days ago that shows the same pattern. If the data is representative and accurate (but note that there are compelling reasons to question whether either of those is true), this strongly suggests that smoking is hugely protective against COVID-19 inflection and/or the resulting disease progressing to the point that hospitalization is required
It is certainly true that it is an extraordinary claim that requires better evidence than we have. As already noted, the quality of both the Chinese and US data is suspect. Still, to assume that something is not true, and that evidence that suggests it is true must therefore be wrong, merely because it would be unfortunate if it were true (in one’s personal view of How The World Should Be), is not exactly scientific thinking.
Feitelijke en eerlijke informatie omtrent dodelijke longziekte welke onterecht gelinkt wordt aan de e-sigaret.
UK Vaping Industry Association launches unprecedented media campaign to combat harmful scare-stories: ‘Facts Not Fiction’. -
De UK gezondheidszorg reageert wel zinvol op al het onzinnieuws
The UK Vaping Industry Association committed to the campaign after misinformation and scare-stories threatened to push British vapers back to cigarettes. Public Health England advises that vaping is at least 95% less harmful than smoking and a valuable tool for smoking cessation.
The national campaign, Facts Not Fiction, reassures the UK’s 3.6m vapers that British vaping standards are robust, and products are highly regulated. Cases of illnesses in the US, which have been linked to black market batches of THC, are therefore not being seen here.
Life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to e-cigarettes -
Deze jongen had al HP voordat hij overstapte op dampen. Hij had een allergische reactie op een van de 2 liquids die hij gebruikte. Het enige verschil tussen de twee is de smaakstoffen, smaakstoffen uit de voedselindustrie. Kortom voedselallergie
https://twitter.com/plopnl/status/1194591987732750336
expert reaction to case study linking lung inflammation to vaping in a 16-year-old -
It’s possible the patient’s illness could have been due to an allergic response to a component of e-cigarette vapour. However, in this kind of condition it can often be difficult to make an accurate diagnosis or know for certain what the cause is. This kind of lung disease can sometimes occur spontaneously without any obvious trigger.
Expert reaction op gepubliceerd stuk in European Respiratory Journal, -
Door Dr Hopkinson, Medical Director of the British Lung Foundation
Expert reaction to case study of an individual who developed a lung disease following use of a cannabis e-cigarette. The case describes giant cell interstitial pneumonia, which the authors conclude is due to cobalt exposure from the patient’s e-cigarette.
Dr. Robert R. Redfield CDCDirector : Vitamin E acetate (an additive in products containing THC) was found in all samples from 29 lung injury patients . Clinicians: Know symptoms of lung injury & ask patients about product use. Read more: http://bit.ly/MMWR_LungFluid CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and multiple public health and clinical partners are investigating a national outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI). Based on data collected as of October 15, 2019, 86% of 867 EVALI patients reported using tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products in the 3 months preceding symptom onset. Analyses of THC-containing product samples by FDA and state public health laboratories have identified potentially harmful constituents in these products, such as vitamin E acetate, medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), and other lipids https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6845e2.htm
CDC no longer recommending people avoid all e-cigarettes, focuses on THC-containing products -
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removed verbiage from its website this week suggesting that people refrain from all vaping products during its investigation into vaping-related lung injury. The new recommendation suggests people avoid THC-containing e-cigarette or vaping products, especially those from informal sources like friends and online dealers.
CDC and State Health Departments are Wrong to Inform the Public that Some Case Patients Used Only Nicotine E-Liquids -
The evidence is actually that 15% (it's now down to 11%) of case patients did not admit to using products other than nicotine-containing e-liquids. The difference between these claims might sound minor, but it has immense public health implications. A young male in Indiana developed vaping-associated respiratory illness and claimed to have only used nicotine-containing products. But it turns out that he really didn't know what was in the product because it was given to him, and he just assumed it was a nicotine-based product because "that’s what is mostly in vapes."
The myth of nicotine addiction -
An explanation of the reasons why nicotine dependence is not an issue, and how Fagerstrom is partly responsible for reinforcing the myth for commercial reasons.
Given the considerable links of interest of US opinion leaders with pharmaceutical companies manufacturing or selling smoking cessation drugs, I have the deepest concerns about the independence of the future recommendations.